< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ókʷs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix).

Noun

*h₃ókʷs ?[1]

  1. eye

Inflection
Athematic, acrostatic
singular collective
nominative *h₃ókʷs *h₃ékʷsōs
genitive *h₃ékʷs *h₃kʷsés
singular dual plural collective
nominative *h₃ókʷs *h₃ókʷsih₁ — *h₃ékʷsōs
vocative *h₃ókʷs *h₃ókʷsih₁ — *h₃ékʷsōs
accusative *h₃ókʷs *h₃ókʷsih₁ — *h₃ékʷsōs
genitive *h₃ékʷs *? — *h₃kʷsés
ablative *h₃ékʷs *? — *h₃kʷsés
dative *h₃ékʷey *? — *h₃kʷséy
locative *h₃ékʷ, *h₃ékʷi *? — *h₃ékʷs, *h₃ékʷsi
instrumental *h₃ékʷh₁ *? — *h₃kʷséh₁

No plural form existed, only a dual form, ending in *-ih₁:

Descendants
  • Armenian:
    • ⇒ Old Armenian: ակն (akn, “eye”)
    • ⇒? Old Armenian: յաւն (yawn, “eyebrow”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ak-
    • East Baltic:
    • West Baltic:
      • Old Prussian: ackis (nom. pl.)
    • Proto-Slavic: *ȍko (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *augô (with probable contamination from *auzô) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ókʷs
    • Ancient Greek: ὄψ (óps), ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, face”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákš, *Hákši (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *ëk
    • Tocharian A: ak
    • Tocharian B: ek
From dual *h₃ókʷih₁
  • Proto-Albanian: *asī
    • Albanian: sy
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: աչք (ačʻkʻ, “both eyes”)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ὄσσε du (ósse, “eyes”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáčiH
    • ⇒ Proto-Nuristani: *ačī́na
      • Northern Nuristani:
      • Southern Nuristani:
      • ⇒ Proto-Nuristani: *ačā́ni (remodeled after Sanskrit अक्षाणि (akṣāṇi))
        • Northern Nuristani:

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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