< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂erh₃-[1]

  1. to plough

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-‎ (16 c, 0 e)
  • *h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)[1]
  • *h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)
  • *h₂érh₃-wr̥ ~ *h₂r̥h₃-wén̥-s (“grain, corn”)[2]
    • Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens[3]
    • *h₂erh₃-wr̥-ih₂ (“cropland”)
    • *h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH
        • Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
          • Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā)
  • *h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *arwī
      • Breton: erv
      • Cornish: erow
      • Welsh: erw
    • Proto-Italic: *arwos
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arw-
  • (uncertain) *h₂r̥h₃-eh₂ (“fertile soil”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • (possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)
    • Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ) < *h₂erh₃-won-
    • Old Armenian: արաւս (araws) (possibly)

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “h₂erh₃-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 322ff.
  3. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
  • Wikander, Ola (2008) Ett träd med vida grenar: de indoeuropeiska språkens historia (in Swedish), Stockholm: Prisma, →ISBN
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