Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ṓws

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂ew- (“to see”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix), with a semantic shift to "to hear" after the split of Anatolian branch.

Reconstruction

The initial laryngeal must be *h₂ to account for Latin forms auris, aus-cultō, which must reflect e-grade *h₂ews-.

Noun

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*h₂ṓws

ear

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular	collective
nominative	*h₂ṓws	*h₂éwsōs
genitive	*h₂éwsos	*h₂usés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*h₂ṓws	*h₂ṓwsih₁	—	*h₂éwsōs
vocative	*h₂ṓws	*h₂ṓwsih₁	—	*h₂éwsōs
accusative	*h₂ṓws	*h₂ṓwsih₁	—	*h₂éwsōs
genitive	*h₂éwsos	*?	—	*h₂usés
ablative	*h₂éwsos	*?	—	*h₂usés
dative	*h₂éwsey	*?	—	*h₂uséy
locative	h₂éws, h₂éwsi	*?	—	h₂éws, h₂éwsi
instrumental	*h₂éwsh₁	*?	—	*h₂uséh₁

Notes

Acrostatic singular, amphikinetic plural
Nominative: *h₂óws-s > *h₂ṓws
Genitive: *h₂éws-s > *h₂ḗws, or *h₂usós
Dual: *h₂(e)usih₁
Collective plural: *h₂éw(s)ōs, genitive *h₂u(s)-s-és

Derived terms

*h₂ḱh₂owsyéti

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *ōusi
- Albanian: vesh
Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: ունկն (unkn) (singulative), ականջք (akanǰkʻ) (plural) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aus-
- Latvian: auss
- Lithuanian: ausis
- Old Prussian: āusins
- Proto-Slavic: *uxo (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *ausos (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *ausô (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: οὖς (oûs)
  Doric Greek: ὦς (ôs)
  - Greek: αυτί (aftí)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HušíH du
- Proto-Iranian: *HušíH (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *auzis
- Latin: auris, ōris
  - → English: aur-
  - ⇒ Latin: auricula (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Sanskrit: उषस् (uṣás, “the outer passage of the ear”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Húšma
  - Proto-Nuristani:
    - Northern Nuristani:
      - Prasuni: yǘmu

References

Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 173

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