< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰí

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Likely from *h₁ní (“down, downwards”) +‎ *dʰe (locative particle).

Adverb

*h₁n̥dʰí[1]

  1. under, below

Derived terms
  • *h₁n̥dʰ-és (innovative gen.sg.)[2][3]
    • Amermian:
      • Old Armenian: ընդ (ənd, “under”, instr.) (conflated with *h₁entér (“between”))
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰás (“below, downwards”)[2][3] (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₁n̥dʰ-ér, *h₁n̥dʰ-éri (innovative loc.sg.)[4][5]
  • *h₁n̥dʰ-m̥mó-s (“lowest”)[4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰamás[3][6] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *enðemos
      • Latin: īnfimus (see there for further descendants)
      • Latin: īmus (< *emmos < *enðmos[7])

Descendants
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Lydian: [script needed] (ẽti)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ádʰi (“over, above”) (conflated with *éti (“over, across”))
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ádʰi
    • Proto-Iranian: *ádi[8]
      • Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬛𐬍 (aidī)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌 (aiδi)
      • Old Persian: [script needed] (adiy)
  • Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian B: ette (“down, lower”)

References
  1. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 68
  2. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “adhás”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  3. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*adah”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 80-81
  4. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “n̥dhos, n̥dheri”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 49
  5. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 134
  6. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “adhamá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
  8. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*adi”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 83
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