< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Root

*g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ-[3][4][5][6]

  1. to be greedy, hungry

Derived terms
  • *ge-g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *ge-g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (reduplicated root stative)[3]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagáldʰa ~ *ǰagr̥dʰā́r
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agáldʰa ~ *ȷ́agr̥dʰā́r
        • Sanskrit: जागृधुर् (jāgṛdhúr, “are greedy”, 3pl.act.)
  • *g⁽ʷ⁾óldʰ-e ~ *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ḗr (root stative)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáldʰa ~ *gr̥dʰā́r
      • Proto-Iranian: *gálda ~ *gr̥dā́r[4]
        • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wigálda ~ *wigr̥dā́r (+ *wi-[7])
          • Pashto: غوښتل (ǧoẍtël) (غواړي (ǧwâṛí, 3sg.pres.act.))
  • *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-éh₁ye-ti (reduplicated root stative)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gil̃dḗˀtei
  • *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ét (root thematic aorist)[3]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hágr̥dʰat
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hágr̥dʰat
        • Sanskrit: अगृधत् (ágṛdhat, “has become greedy”)
  • *g⁽ʷ⁾ĺ̥dʰ-ye-ti (zero-grade ye-present)[3]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gŕ̥dʰyati
  • *g⁽ʷ⁾oldʰ-ó-s[3][6]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *galdás
      • Proto-Slavic: *gȏldъ (“hunger”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥dʰrás (“greedy”)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰrás
      • Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dráh
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gərəδa) (< *gərᵊδra[5])

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gheldh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 434
  2. Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*gheldh-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 341
  3. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g(u̯)eldʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 185
  4. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “gard²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 106-107
  5. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “gardh”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  6. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 174
  7. Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “γwāṛ-: γox̌t-”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
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