< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerH-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷerh₃-[1][2]

  1. to swallow, devour, eat

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷerh₃-‎ (16 c, 0 e)
  • *gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (aorist)[3]
    • Proto-Armenian:
  • *gʷorh₃-éye-ti (eye-causative)[2]
    • Proto-Italic: *gʷorō[4]
      • Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (stative)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagā́rHa
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agā́rHa
        • Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)
  • *gʷé-gʷorh₃-s-tor ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-s-n̥tór (s-enlarged e-reduplicated athematic present, middle only)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ágrastar (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷr̥h₃-é-ti ("tudati"-type thematic root)[2][5]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti
      • Proto-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
        • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (garəm)
  • *gʷi-gʷr̥h₃-sḱé-ti (reduplicate sḱe-present)[5]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷigʷrṓskō
      • Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”), ἔβρων (ébrōn, aor. act.), ἐβρώθην (ebrṓthēn, aor. pass.) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷerh₃-tló-m[5]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlá[6]
      • Lithuanian: gerklė̃ (“throat, larynx”), (dialectical) gérklę
      • Proto-Slavic: *žerdlò (“throat, mouth”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷérh₃-tro-s[5]
    • Proto-Germanic: *kwerþrą (“bait”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷerh₃-wéh₂[7]
    • Proto-Germanic: *kwerkō (“throat”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷorh₃-éh₂
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́
      • Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH
        • Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)
  • *gʷórh₃-o-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros
      • Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)
  • *gʷorh₃-ó-s[1][3]
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás
        • Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)
  • *gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m[3]
    • Proto-Armenian:
  • *gʷr̥h₃-nó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás
  • *gʷr̥h₃-tló-m[8][9]
    • Proto-Albanian: *gritlā[9]
      • >? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtla (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gu̯er-, gu̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
  3. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vorō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 690
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015) “gerklė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
  7. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerkō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
  8. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gъ̀rdlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 198: “n. o (a) ‘throat’”
  9. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “grellë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “IE *gu̯r̥tlom”
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