< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷeh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps some variation or gradation of *gʷem- seen also on *mendʰ- - *meh₂dʰ-, *med- - *meh₁-/*meh₁d-.

Root

*gʷeh₂- (perfective)[1][2]

  1. to step
  2. to go
  3. to stand

Derived terms
  • *gʷéh₂-t ~ *gʷh₂-ént (root aorist)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gā́ˀtei[3] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *égʷēn[4]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HágaHt
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HágaHt
        • Sanskrit: अगात् (ágāt)
      • Proto-Iranian: *HágaHt
        • Avestan: 𐬔𐬁𐬝 (gāt̰)
  • *gʷí-gʷeh₂-ti ~ *gʷí-gʷh₂-ti (reduplicated present)
    • Proto-Armenian:[5]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷígʷāmi[4]
      • Ancient Greek: *βίβημι (*bíbēmi), βιβᾱ́ς (bibā́s) (< *gʷígʷants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰígaHti
  • *gʷe-gʷóh₂-e ~ *gʷe-gʷh₂-ḗr (perfect)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: βεβάασῐ (bebáasi)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagáHyaHt
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agáHyaHt
        • Sanskrit: जगायात् (jagā́yāt)
  • *gʷéh₂-ye-ti[3]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gā́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷh₂-ye-ti[6]
  • *gʷeh₂-t-eh₁ye-ti
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: (ἀμφισ)βητέω ((amphis)bētéō)
  • *gʷoh₂-t-éye-ti
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: (συ)βωτέω ((su)bōtéō) (perhaps)
  • *gʷh₂-tós
    • Proto-Celtic: *batos[7]
      • Old Irish: at·bath
      • Old Irish: bath (“death”)
      • Welsh: bad (“pest, plague”)
  • *gʷe-gʷ(e)h₂-yo-
  • *gʷéh₂-mn̥ ~ *gʷh₂-mén-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷḗmə
      • Ancient Greek: βῆμα (bêma) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gā́ma
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gā́ma
      • Proto-Iranian: *gā́ma
        • Avestan: 𐬔𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 (gāman)
        • Baluchi: گام (gám)
        • Persian: گام (gâm)
        • Northern Kurdish: gav (“step”)
  • *gʷoh₂-mós
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷōmós
  • *gʷéh₂-ti-s ~ *gʷh₂-téy-s
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: βιβάω (bibáō)
      • Ancient Greek: βιβάζω (bibázō)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gāˀźas
      • Proto-Slavic: *gazъ[8] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gu̯ā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 463-464
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯eh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 205
  3. Derksen, Rick (2015) “goti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βαίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192
  5. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ek-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 249-250
  6. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bā-, *ba-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 52
  7. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 59
  8. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gazъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 113
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