< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰed-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions
  • *bʰad-, *bʰād-[1]
  • *bʰeHd-[2]

Root

*bʰed-[2]

  1. to improve, make better

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰed-‎ (3 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰód-e-ti (o-grade intensive)
    • Proto-Germanic: *bataną
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)(see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰed-ró-s
    • Proto-Albanian:
      • Albanian: betë (“great”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadrás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰadrás
      • Proto-Iranian: *badráh
        • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra, “fortunate”)
  • *bʰód-i-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”) (see there for further descendants)[2]
  • *bʰod-ó-s

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā̆d-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 106
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*batiz”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bodo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 69-70
  4. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 260-261
  5. Koch, John (2004) “*budā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  6. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bheudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 151
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