< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)ḱeh₁w-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)ḱeh₁w-[1]

  1. cold, rainy
  2. north

Reconstruction notes

Kroonen[2] derives the Germanic data from Proto-Indo-European **skeh₁- (“murky, shady”), which however is typically reconstructed with -h₃- in order to explain Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness”) < Pre-Hellenic *skh₃tós.

Derived terms
Category Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ḱeh₁w- not found
  • *(s)ḱh₁w-o-tó-s (deadjectival noun)[3] (possibly, similar to Proto-Slavic *životъ, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos) < *gʷeyh₃-)
    • Proto-Celtic: *kowotos or *kuwotos
      • Middle Welsh: cawad
      • Cornish: kowas
      • Old Breton: couatou
        • Breton: kaouad
  • *(s)ḱéh₁w-er- ~ *(s)ḱh₁u-ér-
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śḗˀweras, *śjáuˀras (“cold, biting”)
      • Lithuanian: šiū̃ras, šiaurùs (“cold, biting, sharp”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *sěverъ (“north”)[5]
    • Proto-Italic: *kaweros[6]
      • Latin: caurus (“northwestern wind”)
  • >? *(s)ḱéh₁w-r̥ ~ *(s)ḱh₁u-nós (secondary r/n-stem?)
    • Proto-Germanic: *skēwur, gen. *skūnaz

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̑ēuero-, k̑ōuero-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 597
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skūra/ō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451
  3. Philomen Probert, Andreas Willi (2012) “10.6. MW cawad and the South-West British treatment of *-aua-”, in Laws and Rules in Indo-European, page 155
  4. Derksen, Rick (2015) “šiaurė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447
  5. Derksen, Rick (2015) “*sě̀verъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 448: “m. o (a)”
  6. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “caurus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 100
  7. de Vaan, Michiel (1999) “The etymology of English shower”, in Die Sprache 41/1‎, pages 39–49
  8. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 630–631
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