< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰḗr

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix).

Noun

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*ǵʰḗr m[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

  1. hedgehog

Inflection

This inflection is speculative. The amphikinetic pattern is reconstructed from the oxytonic oblique forms of Ancient Greek χήρ (khḗr) (gen.sg. χηρός (khērós)).

Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *ǵʰḗr
genitive *ǵʰrés
singular dual plural
nominative *ǵʰḗr *ǵʰérh₁(e) *ǵʰéres
vocative *ǵʰér *ǵʰérh₁(e) *ǵʰéres
accusative *ǵʰérm̥ *ǵʰérh₁(e) *ǵʰérm̥s
genitive *ǵʰrés *? *ǵʰróHom
ablative *ǵʰrés *? *ǵʰr̥mós
dative *ǵʰréy *? *ǵʰr̥mós
locative *ǵʰér, *ǵʰéri *? *ǵʰr̥sú
instrumental *ǵʰréh₁ *? *ǵʰr̥mís

Synonyms

Descendants
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰḗr
    • Ancient Greek: χήρ (khḗr)
  • Proto-Italic: *hēr
  • *ǵʰóryos (“pig”)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g̑hers-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 445-446
  2. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ǵʰḗr”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 264
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ēr”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χήρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1630
  5. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χοῖρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1640-1641
  6. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “derr”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 61
  7. Demiraj, B. (1997) “derr”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 131
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