< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵómbʰos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From a virtual root *ǵembʰ- +‎ *-os, but the root's precise identity is debated. Most likely it meant “to bite” and is the source of at least Sanskrit जम्भति (jámbhati, “to snap at; to snatch with the mouth (chomp)”), जम्भयति (jámbhayati, “to crunch, crush”), Lithuanian žem̃bti (“to cut slantwise, sharpen”) and Albanian dhemb (“to ache”).[1] Furthermore, this appears to be a nasal-infixed form (perhaps *ǵ-né-bʰ-ti ~ *ǵ-m̥-bʰ-énti) of the poorly attested root *ǵebʰ-, possibly found in Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”), Gaulish *gauta (“cheek”) (inferred only from descendants of Vulgar Latin *gauta, including Occitan gauta/jauta and French joue), Proto-Germanic *kaflaz (“jaw, jowl”), German Kiefer (“jaw”), Proto-Slavic *zȍbь (“fodder, oats”), *zobъ (“peck; beak, mouth; goiter”), Serbo-Croatian gȕbica (“snout, muzzle”), Lithuanian žė̃bti (“jaw, jowl”), and Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬟𐬀𐬭𐬆 (zafarə, “mouth”). As these are all nouns, the verbal function of the original root is only hypothetical.

Noun

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*ǵómbʰos m[2]

  1. tooth
    Synonym: *h₃dónts
  2. row of teeth
  3. peg

Inflection
Thematic
singular
nominative *ǵómbʰos
genitive *ǵómbʰosyo
singular dual plural
nominative *ǵómbʰos *ǵómbʰoh₁ *ǵómbʰoes
vocative *ǵómbʰe *ǵómbʰoh₁ *ǵómbʰoes
accusative *ǵómbʰom *ǵómbʰoh₁ *ǵómbʰoms
genitive *ǵómbʰosyo *? *ǵómbʰoHom
ablative *ǵómbʰead *? *ǵómbʰomos
dative *ǵómbʰoey *? *ǵómbʰomos
locative *ǵómbʰey, *ǵómbʰoy *? *ǵómbʰoysu
instrumental *ǵómbʰoh₁ *? *ǵómbʰōys

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *dzamba
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źámbas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *kambaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *gómpʰos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ámbʰas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *këmë
  • Unsorted formations:

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zęti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 543
  2. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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