Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warjaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *warjaną (“to hinder, defend”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɑr.jɑz/

Noun

*warjaz m

Inflection

masculine ja-stemDeclension of *warjaz (masculine ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*warjaz	warjōz, warjōs
vocative	*wari	warjōz, warjōs
accusative	*warją	*warjanz
genitive	warjas, waris	*warjǫ̂
dative	*warjai	*warjamaz
instrumental	*warjō	*warjamiz

Usage notes

This noun does not survive on its own in any language, but only as a suffix. This may mean that it appeared only in compounds in Proto-Germanic as well.

Descendants

The compound form of this noun was conflated with *-ārijaz in many languages, eventually causing both to be treated as one. In Old Norse, it seems to have merged with *harjaz (“warrior”) in proper names ending in -arr like Steinarr.

Proto-West Germanic: *-wari
- Old English: -ware
  - Middle English: -ere
    - Scots: -ar, -er
    - English: -er
- Old Frisian: -ere
  - Saterland Frisian: -er
  - West Frisian: -er
- Old Saxon: *-āri
  - Middle Low German: -ære, -er
    - German Low German: -er
    - → Old Norse: -ari
      - Faroese: -ari
      - Old Swedish: -are
        Swedish: -are
- Old Dutch: *-āri
  - Middle Dutch: -ere
    - Dutch: -er
- Old High German: -āri, -eri, -wari
  - Middle High German: -āre, -ære, -er
    - German: -er
Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*warjaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛚᚨᛞᚨᚹᚨᚱᛁᛃᚨᛉ (ladawarijaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛒᛁᛞᚨᚹᚨᚱᛁᛃᚨᛉ (bidawarijaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᚹᚨᚱᛁᛃᚨᛉ (stainawarijaʀ)
  - Old Norse: Steinarr
- Old Norse: -verr, -verjar, -verir, (in given names) -arr
  - Icelandic: -verji
  - Faroese: -verji
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: -ver, -vær (lomvær, vikvær, skjåkvær, øyvær), ⇒ -væring (lofotværing, ofotværing, senjaværing, saltværing, altaværing, ranværing)
→ Latin: -variī (in ancient Germanic tribal names)

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