< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *tīdiz (“time”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtiː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tīdijaną[2]

  1. to strive for
  2. to occur, happen

Inflection
Conjugation of *tīdijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tīdijō*tīdijaų—*tīdijai ?
2nd singular *tīdīsi*tīdijais*tīdī*tīdijasai*tīdijaisau
3rd singular *tīdīþi*tīdijai*tīdijaþau*tīdijaþai*tīdijaiþau
1st dual *tīdijōs*tīdijaiw———
2nd dual *tīdijaþiz*tīdijaiþiz*tīdijaþiz——
1st plural *tīdijamaz*tīdijaim—*tīdijanþai*tīdijainþau
2nd plural *tīdīþ*tīdijaiþ*tīdīþ*tīdijanþai*tīdijainþau
3rd plural *tīdijanþi*tīdijain*tīdijanþau*tīdijanþai*tīdijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tīdidǭ*tīdidēdį̄
2nd singular *tīdidēz*tīdidēdīz
3rd singular *tīdidē*tīdidēdī
1st dual *tīdidēdū*tīdidēdīw
2nd dual *tīdidēdudiz*tīdidēdīdiz
1st plural *tīdidēdum*tīdidēdīm
2nd plural *tīdidēdud*tīdidēdīd
3rd plural *tīdidēdun*tīdidēdīn
present past
participles *tīdijandz*tīdidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *tīdijan
    • Old English: tīdan
      • Middle English: tiden, tide
    • Old Frisian: tīdia (moved to the second weak class, possibly from a pre-form *tīdōn instead)
    • Old Saxon: *tīdian
    • Old Dutch: *tīden
    • Old High German: *zīten
      • Middle High German: zīten
      • ⇒ Old High German: gizīten
  • Old Norse: tíða

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tīdi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 516: “*tīdōjan-”
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*tīđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 407
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