< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swimmaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, move, swim”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswim.mɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Note: The past stem might have been later restored to *swumm-, but the forms listed are the etymologically original ones.
Conjugation of *swimmaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swimmō | *swimmaų | — | *swimmai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *swimmizi | *swimmaiz | *swimm | *swimmazai | *swimmaizau |
| 3rd singular | *swimmidi | *swimmai | *swimmadau | *swimmadai | *swimmaidau |
| 1st dual | *swimmōz | *swimmaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swimmadiz | *swimmaidiz | *swimmadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swimmamaz | *swimmaim | — | *swimmandai | *swimmaindau |
| 2nd plural | *swimmid | *swimmaid | *swimmid | *swimmandai | *swimmaindau |
| 3rd plural | *swimmandi | *swimmain | *swimmandau | *swimmandai | *swimmaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *swamm | *summį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *swammt | *summīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *swamm | *summī | |||
| 1st dual | *summū | *summīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *summudiz | *summīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *summum | *summīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *summud | *summīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *summun | *summīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swimmandz | *summanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *sumþiz
- *swumþlą
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swimman-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*swemmanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 394
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