< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spanjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Inflection
Conjugation of *spanjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *spanjō | *spanjaų | — | *spanjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *spanisi | *spanjais | *spani | *spanjasai | *spanjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *spaniþi | *spanjai | *spanjaþau | *spanjaþai | *spanjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *spanjōs | *spanjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *spanjaþiz | *spanjaiþiz | *spanjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *spanjamaz | *spanjaim | — | *spanjanþai | *spanjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *spaniþ | *spanjaiþ | *spaniþ | *spanjanþai | *spanjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *spanjanþi | *spanjain | *spanjanþau | *spanjanþai | *spanjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *spanidǭ | *spanidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *spanidēz | *spanidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *spanidē | *spanidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *spanidēdū | *spanidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *spanidēdudiz | *spanidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *spanidēdum | *spanidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *spanidēdud | *spanidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *spanidēdun | *spanidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *spanjandz | *spanidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *spannjan
- Old English: *spennan
- Old High German: spennen
- Old Norse: spenja
- Icelandic: spenja
Etymology 2
From *spanō (“nipple”) + *-janą.
Alternative forms
- *spinjaną, *spunjaną
Inflection
Conjugation of *spanjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *spanjō | *spanjaų | — | *spanjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *spanisi | *spanjais | *spani | *spanjasai | *spanjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *spaniþi | *spanjai | *spanjaþau | *spanjaþai | *spanjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *spanjōs | *spanjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *spanjaþiz | *spanjaiþiz | *spanjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *spanjamaz | *spanjaim | — | *spanjanþai | *spanjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *spaniþ | *spanjaiþ | *spaniþ | *spanjanþai | *spanjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *spanjanþi | *spanjain | *spanjanþau | *spanjanþai | *spanjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *spanidǭ | *spanidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *spanidēz | *spanidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *spanidē | *spanidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *spanidēdū | *spanidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *spanidēdudiz | *spanidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *spanidēdum | *spanidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *spanidēdud | *spanidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *spanidēdun | *spanidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *spanjandz | *spanidaz | |||
Related terms
- *spanōną
- *spenô
- *spenōną
- *spunōną
Descendants
Note: Some descendants show interference with related verbs *spanōną, *spenōną, and *spunōną.
- Proto-West Germanic: *spannjan, *spinnjan, *spunnjan
- Old Saxon: spennian
- Old Dutch: *spennen
- → Old French: espanir
- Middle French: espanir, aspanir (“to wean, deprive”)
- Picard: épanir; épénir (Rouchi)
- Walloon: spani
- Middle French: espanir, aspanir (“to wean, deprive”)
- Old High German: *spennen
- Middle High German: *spennen, spenen
- German: spänen (dialectal)
- ⇒ Middle High German: *abespennen, abespenen
- ⇒ Old High German: bispennen
- Middle High German: *bespennen, bespenen
- ⇒ Old High German: intspennen, inspennen
- Middle High German: entspennen, entspenen
- Middle High German: *spennen, spenen
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*spanjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
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