< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slakaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *slogos, from the root *(s)leg- (“to weaken”).[1][2] Compare Old Irish lacc (“slack”), Latin laxus (“slack, loose”), Tocharian A slākkär (“sad”), and perhaps Ancient Greek λαγαρός (lagarós, “slack, loose; thin, weak”) and Sanskrit श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa, “tender, soft”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈslɑ.kɑz/

Adjective

*slakaz

  1. weak
    Synonym: *waikwaz
  2. slack
    Synonym: *slaiwaz

Inflection
Declension of *slakaz (a-stem)
strong declension
masculine feminine neuter
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative *slakaz *slakai *slakō *slakôz *slaką, *-at(ō) *slakō
accusative *slakanǭ *slakanz *slakǭ *slakōz *slaką, *-at(ō) *slakō
genitive *slakas, *slakis *slakaizǫ̂ *slakaizōz *slakaizǫ̂ *slakas, *slakis *slakaizǫ̂
dative *slakammai *slakaimaz *slakaizōi *slakaimaz *slakammai *slakaimaz
instrumental *slakanō *slakaimiz *slakaizō *slakaimiz *slakanō *slakaimiz
weak declension
masculine feminine neuter
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative *slakô *slakaniz *slakǭ *slakōniz *slakô *slakōnō
accusative *slakanų *slakanunz *slakōnų *slakōnunz *slakô *slakōnō
genitive *slakiniz *slakanǫ̂ *slakōniz *slakōnǫ̂ *slakiniz *slakanǫ̂
dative *slakini *slakammaz *slakōni *slakōmaz *slakini *slakammaz
instrumental *slakinē *slakammiz *slakōnē *slakōmiz *slakinē *slakammiz


Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
  • *slakjaną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *slak
    • Old English: slæc, sleac, slec
      • Middle English: slak
    • Old Saxon: slak (“slack, cowardly”)
      • Middle Low German: slak
        • Low German: slak
          • → German: schlack (partially)
    • Middle Dutch: slac (“slack, loose, slow”)
    • Old High German: slach (“slack, loose, slow”)
      • Middle High German: slach
        • German: schlack, schlach
  • Old Norse: slakr

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*slaka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 452–453
  2. Heidermanns, Frank (1993) “slaka-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 506
  3. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*slakwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 349
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