< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skardijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈskɑr.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *skardijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skardijō | *skardijaų | — | *skardijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *skardīsi | *skardijais | *skardī | *skardijasai | *skardijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *skardīþi | *skardijai | *skardijaþau | *skardijaþai | *skardijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *skardijōs | *skardijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skardijaþiz | *skardijaiþiz | *skardijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skardijamaz | *skardijaim | — | *skardijanþai | *skardijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *skardīþ | *skardijaiþ | *skardīþ | *skardijanþai | *skardijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *skardijanþi | *skardijain | *skardijanþau | *skardijanþai | *skardijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skardidǭ | *skardidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skardidēz | *skardidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skardidē | *skardidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *skardidēdū | *skardidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skardidēdudiz | *skardidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skardidēdum | *skardidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skardidēdud | *skardidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skardidēdun | *skardidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skardijandz | *skardidaz | |||
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skardijan
- Old English: sċierdan
- >? Old Dutch: *skerden
- >? Middle Dutch: scherden (meaning 'to decide')
- Old High German: skerten
- Middle High German: scherten
- Old Norse: skerða
- Icelandic: skerða
- → Proto-Finnic: *karcidak (see there for further descendants)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skarda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 440: “*skardjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skardjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
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