< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skapjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keb- (“to cut, split, hew, shape”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɑp.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *skapjaną (strong class 6 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skapjō | *skapjaų | — | *skapjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *skapisi | *skapjais | *skapi | *skapjasai | *skapjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *skapiþi | *skapjai | *skapjaþau | *skapjaþai | *skapjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *skapjōs | *skapjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skapjaþiz | *skapjaiþiz | *skapjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skapjamaz | *skapjaim | — | *skapjanþai | *skapjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *skapiþ | *skapjaiþ | *skapiþ | *skapjanþai | *skapjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *skapjanþi | *skapjain | *skapjanþau | *skapjanþai | *skapjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skōp | *skōpį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skōft | *skōpīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skōp | *skōpī | |||
| 1st dual | *skōpū | *skōpīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skōpudiz | *skōpīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skōpum | *skōpīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skōpud | *skōpīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skōpun | *skōpīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skapjandz | *skapanaz | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skappjan
- Old English: sċieppan, sċyppan, sċippan
- Old Frisian: skeppa
- Saterland Frisian: skäppe, schäppe
- West Frisian: skeppe
- Old Saxon: skeppian
- Old Dutch: skeppen
- Old High German: scafan, skaffan, scaphan, skepfen, scephen
- Old Norse: skapa, skepja
- Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaskapjan) (from *gaskapjaną)
- Vandalic: *skapjan, scapia
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