Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skalkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cleave, split, separate, part, divide”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑl.kɑz/

Noun

*skalkaz m

servant

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *skalkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skalkaz	skalkōz, skalkōs
vocative	*skalk	skalkōz, skalkōs
accusative	*skalką	*skalkanz
genitive	skalkas, skalkis	*skalkǫ̂
dative	*skalkai	*skalkamaz
instrumental	*skalkō	*skalkamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skalk
- Old English: sċealc
  - Middle English: schalk, scalk, schalke, schalkke, shalk
    - English: shalk
    - Middle Scots: schalk, schak, schaik
- Old Frisian: skalk
  - (West Frisian: ontschalken)
- Old Saxon: skalk
  - Middle Low German: schalk (in compounds: erseschalk, marschalk, etc.)
- Old Dutch: scalc
  - Middle Dutch: scalc
    - Dutch: schalk (also in maarschalk)
- Old High German: skalk, scalc, scalk
  - Middle High German: schalc
    - German: Schalk
    - Luxembourgish: Schallek
  - → Italian: scalco (from Lombardic)
- → Vulgar Latin: scalcus (in compounds)
  - Medieval Latin: scalcius, scalciatus
  - Old French: escalque
- → Italian: scalco
Old Norse: skalkr, skálkr
- Icelandic: skálkur
- Faroese: skálkur
- Norwegian: skalk
- Old Swedish: skalker
  - Swedish: skalk
- Danish: skalk
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃 (skalks)

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