< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaldaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unclear, Seebold suggests it's possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”) with a s-mobile attached to the root.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈskɑl.dɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skaldaną[1]

  1. to knock, hit

Inflection
Conjugation of *skaldaną (strong class 7c)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skaldō*skaldaų—*skaldai ?
2nd singular *skaldizi*skaldaiz*skald*skaldazai*skaldaizau
3rd singular *skaldidi*skaldai*skaldadau*skaldadai*skaldaidau
1st dual *skaldōz*skaldaiw———
2nd dual *skaldadiz*skaldaidiz*skaldadiz——
1st plural *skaldamaz*skaldaim—*skaldandai*skaldaindau
2nd plural *skaldid*skaldaid*skaldid*skaldandai*skaldaindau
3rd plural *skaldandi*skaldain*skaldandau*skaldandai*skaldaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skeskald*skeskaldį̄
2nd singular *skeskalst*skeskaldīz
3rd singular *skeskald*skeskaldī
1st dual *skeskaldū*skeskaldīw
2nd dual *skeskaldudiz*skeskaldīdiz
1st plural *skeskaldum*skeskaldīm
2nd plural *skeskaldud*skeskaldīd
3rd plural *skeskaldun*skeskaldīn
present past
participles *skaldandz*skaldanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *skaldan
    • Old Saxon: skaldan
    • Old High German: skaltan

References
  1. Seebold, Elmar (1970) “SKALD-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 406
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