Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/juką

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈju.kɑ̃/

Noun

*juką n[1][2]

yoke

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *juką (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*juką	*jukō
vocative	*juką	*jukō
accusative	*juką	*jukō
genitive	jukas, jukis	*jukǫ̂
dative	*jukai	*jukamaz
instrumental	*jukō	*jukamiz

Derived terms

*jukōną

Related terms

*jeuką
*jukǭ
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰-𐌾𐌿𐌺𐍉 (ga-jukō, “female companion; parable”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *juk
- Old English: ġeoc, ġioc, ioc
  - Middle English: yok, ȝocke, ȝok, ȝoke, ȝook, ȝoocke, jok, yoke, yokke; ȝeoce, ȝocc, iuc
    - English: yoke (obsolete yock)
    - Middle Scots: ȝok, ȝoke, ȝock, ȝocke, yok, yoke
      - Scots: yoke, yock
- Old Frisian: *juk, *jok
  - Saterland Frisian: Juk
  - West Frisian: jok, jûk
- Old Saxon: juk
  - Middle Low German: juk, jok
    - German Low German: Jok, Jog
    - Plautdietsch: Joch
- Old Dutch: *juk
  - Middle Dutch: joc, juc
    - Dutch: juk
      - Negerhollands: jok
    - Limburgish: jaok
- Old High German: joh
  - Middle High German: joch
    - Cimbrian: jòch
    - German: Joch
    - Hunsrik: Joch
    - Luxembourgish: Jach
Old Norse: ok
- Icelandic: ok
- Faroese: ok
- Norwegian: åk
- Old Swedish: uk, ok
  - Swedish: ok
- Danish: åg
- Elfdalian: uok
- Gutnish: uk
Gothic: 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk)

References

Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*jukan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 207
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*juka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 274

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[1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*jukan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 207

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*juka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 274