< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwarbijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxʷɑr.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hwarbijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hwarbijō | *hwarbijaų | — | *hwarbijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hwarbīsi | *hwarbijais | *hwarbī | *hwarbijasai | *hwarbijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hwarbīþi | *hwarbijai | *hwarbijaþau | *hwarbijaþai | *hwarbijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hwarbijōs | *hwarbijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hwarbijaþiz | *hwarbijaiþiz | *hwarbijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hwarbijamaz | *hwarbijaim | — | *hwarbijanþai | *hwarbijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hwarbīþ | *hwarbijaiþ | *hwarbīþ | *hwarbijanþai | *hwarbijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hwarbijanþi | *hwarbijain | *hwarbijanþau | *hwarbijanþai | *hwarbijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hwarbidǭ | *hwarbidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hwarbidēz | *hwarbidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hwarbidē | *hwarbidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hwarbidēdū | *hwarbidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hwarbidēdudiz | *hwarbidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hwarbidēdum | *hwarbidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hwarbidēdud | *hwarbidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hwarbidēdun | *hwarbidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hwarbijandz | *hwarbidaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwarbjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 263
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xwarbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
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