< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalbijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą or a causative verb from *hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈxʷɑl.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hwalbijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hwalbijō | *hwalbijaų | — | *hwalbijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hwalbīsi | *hwalbijais | *hwalbī | *hwalbijasai | *hwalbijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *hwalbīþi | *hwalbijai | *hwalbijaþau | *hwalbijaþai | *hwalbijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hwalbijōs | *hwalbijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hwalbijaþiz | *hwalbijaiþiz | *hwalbijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hwalbijamaz | *hwalbijaim | — | *hwalbijanþai | *hwalbijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *hwalbīþ | *hwalbijaiþ | *hwalbīþ | *hwalbijanþai | *hwalbijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hwalbijanþi | *hwalbijain | *hwalbijanþau | *hwalbijanþai | *hwalbijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hwalbidǭ | *hwalbidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hwalbidēz | *hwalbidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hwalbidē | *hwalbidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hwalbidēdū | *hwalbidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hwalbidēdudiz | *hwalbidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hwalbidēdum | *hwalbidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hwalbidēdud | *hwalbidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hwalbidēdun | *hwalbidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hwalbijandz | *hwalbidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hwalbijan
- Old English: *hwielfan, *hwylfan
- ⇒ Old English: behwielfan, behwylfan
- Old Saxon: *hwelbian
- ⇒ Old Saxon: bihwelvian
- Old Dutch: *welven
- Old High German: *welben
- Middle High German: welben
- German: wölben
- Middle High German: welben
- Old English: *hwielfan, *hwylfan
- Old Norse: hvelfa
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwalbjan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xwalbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
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