< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hneudaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Compare *knudaną (“to rivet, knead”), source of Old Norse hnoða (“to rivet”). Also compared to Ancient Greek κνύθος (knúthos, “small thorn”), but Kroonen finds this semantically unconvincing.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxneu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hneudaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hneudō | *hneudaų | — | *hneudai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hniudizi | *hneudaiz | *hneud | *hneudazai | *hneudaizau |
| 3rd singular | *hniudidi | *hneudai | *hneudadau | *hneudadai | *hneudaidau |
| 1st dual | *hneudōz | *hneudaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hneudadiz | *hneudaidiz | *hneudadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hneudamaz | *hneudaim | — | *hneudandai | *hneudaindau |
| 2nd plural | *hniudid | *hneudaid | *hniudid | *hneudandai | *hneudaindau |
| 3rd plural | *hneudandi | *hneudain | *hneudandau | *hneudandai | *hneudaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hnaud | *hnudį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hnaust | *hnudīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hnaud | *hnudī | |||
| 1st dual | *hnudū | *hnudīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hnududiz | *hnudīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hnudum | *hnudīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hnudud | *hnudīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hnudun | *hnudīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hneudandz | *hnudanaz | |||
Related terms
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “hneudan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 235
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xneuđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 179-180
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