< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlināną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Latin clīnō (“slope, incline, bend”), Ancient Greek κλίνω (klínō, “bend, slant, lean”).

Verb

*hlināną[1]

  1. to lean

Inflection
Conjugation of *hlināną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlinō ?— ? ?
2nd singular *hlinaisi ?*hlinai*hlināsai ?
3rd singular *hlinaiþi ?*hlināþau*hlināþai ?
1st dual *hlinōs ?———
2nd dual *hlināþiz ?*hlināþiz——
1st plural *hlināmaz ?—*hlinānþai ?
2nd plural *hlinaiþ ?*hlinaiþ*hlinānþai ?
3rd plural *hlinānþi ?*hlinānþau*hlinānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlinadǭ*hlinadēdį̄
2nd singular *hlinadēz*hlinadēdīz
3rd singular *hlinadē*hlinadēdī
1st dual *hlinadēdū*hlinadēdīw
2nd dual *hlinadēdudiz*hlinadēdīdiz
1st plural *hlinadēdum*hlinadēdīm
2nd plural *hlinadēdud*hlinadēdīd
3rd plural *hlinadēdun*hlinadēdīn
present past
participles *hlināndz*hlinadaz

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlinēn
    • Old English: hleonian, hlinian
    • Old Frisian: *hlinia
      • Saterland Frisian: lienje
      • West Frisian: lynje
    • Old Saxon: hlinōn
    • Old Dutch: *hlinon, *linon
    • Old High German: hlinēn, linēn
  • Old Norse: *hlina
    • Norwegian: lina (dialectal)

Further reading
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlinēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xlinōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
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