Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiurijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*heuraz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeywo- (“trusted; familiar”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to recline; settle”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxiu̯.ri.jɑz/

Adjective

*hiurijaz

trusted; familiar
mild; gentle; dear

Inflection

Declension of *hiurijaz (ja-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hiurijaz	*hiurijai	*hiurijō	*hiurijôz	*hiuriją, -atō	*hiurijō
Accusative	*hiurijanǭ	*hiurijanz	*hiurijǭ	*hiurijōz	*hiuriją, -atō	*hiurijō
Genitive	*hiurijas, -īs	*hiurijaizǫ̂	*hiurijaizōz	*hiurijaizǫ̂	*hiurijas, -īs	*hiurijaizǫ̂
Dative	*hiurijammai	*hiurijaimaz	*hiurijaizōi	*hiurijaimaz	*hiurijammai	*hiurijaimaz
Instrumental	*hiurijanō	*hiurijaimiz	*hiurijaizō	*hiurijaimiz	*hiurijanō	*hiurijaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hiurijô	*hiurijaniz	*hiurijǭ	*hiurijōniz	*hiurijô	*hiurijōnō
Accusative	*hiurijanų	*hiurijanunz	*hiurijōnų	*hiurijōnunz	*hiurijô	*hiurijōnō
Genitive	*hiurīniz	*hiurijanǫ̂	*hiurijōniz	*hiurijōnǫ̂	*hiurīniz	*hiurijanǫ̂
Dative	*hiurīni	*hiurijammaz	*hiurijōni	*hiurijōmaz	*hiurīni	*hiurijammaz
Instrumental	*hiurīnē	*hiurijammiz	*hiurijōnē	*hiurijōmiz	*hiurīnē	*hiurijammiz

Derived terms

*hiurijaną
*hiurijalīkaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hiurī
- Old English: hēore, hīere, hȳre, hīore, hīre, hēre
  - Middle English: here, her, hær, harey
    - English: here
- Old Saxon: *hiuri
  - Middle Low German: hü̂re
- Old High German: hiuri
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gahiurī
  - Old Saxon: *gihiuri
    - Middle Low German: gehü̂re
      - German Low German:
        Altmärkisch: gehü̂re
        Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch, Sauerländisch: gehuier
        Sauerländisch: gehöier (Brilon), gehūer (Niedersfeld), gehǖer (Attendorn, Drolshagen, Olpe), jehoier (Wenden)
  - Old Dutch: *gihiuri
    - Middle Dutch: gehiere, gehure
      - Dutch: guur
  - Old High German: *gihiuri
    - Middle High German: gehiure
      - German: geheuer
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *unhiurī
  - Old English: unhīere, unhȳre, unhēore
    - Middle English: unhere, unhire
  - Old Frisian: *unjiūre
    - West Frisian: ûnhuer, njoer
  - Old Saxon: unhiuri
    - Middle Low German: unhûre
  - Old High German: unhiuri
    - Middle High German: unhiure
Old Norse: hýrr
- Icelandic: hýr
- Faroese: hýrur
- ⇒ Old Norse: úhýrr, óhýrr
  - Icelandic: óhýr
  - Norwegian: uhyre
  - Old Swedish: ohyris
    - Swedish: ohyra
  - Danish: uhyre

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