< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hazjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₁s-ié, derived from *ḱeh₁s- (“to call, to command, to instruct”).[1] Related to Sanskrit शस्ति (śasti, “praise, command”), Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬎 (sāstu, “to teach”) and Old Armenian սաստ (sast, “scolding, rebuke”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɑz.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hazjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hazjō | *hazjaų | — | *hazjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hazisi | *hazjais | *hazi | *hazjasai | *hazjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *haziþi | *hazjai | *hazjaþau | *hazjaþai | *hazjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *hazjōs | *hazjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hazjaþiz | *hazjaiþiz | *hazjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hazjamaz | *hazjaim | — | *hazjanþai | *hazjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *haziþ | *hazjaiþ | *haziþ | *hazjanþai | *hazjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *hazjanþi | *hazjain | *hazjanþau | *hazjanþai | *hazjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hazidǭ | *hazidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hazidēz | *hazidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hazidē | *hazidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hazidēdū | *hazidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hazidēdudiz | *hazidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hazidēdum | *hazidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hazidēdud | *hazidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hazidēdun | *hazidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hazjandz | *hazidaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hazjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 218
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xazjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
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