< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gebaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-e-ti, from *gʰebʰ- (“to give, move”) (traditionally *gʰabʰ-[1]). Cognate with Latvian gãbtiês (“to snatch, grab, seize”), Lithuanian góbti (id.), Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize, take”) and Sanskrit गभस्ति (gábhasti, “arm, hand”).[2]
Some Leiden scholars reject the existence of *gʰebʰ- without a laryngeal, reconstructing it as *gʰeHbʰ-, and therefore reject the appurtenance of Germanic *geb-. Kortlandt proposes to connect Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to seize”) and assumes it was prefixed in Proto-Germanic with *ga-.[3][4]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *gebaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gebō | *gebaų | — | *gebai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gibizi | *gebaiz | *geb | *gebazai | *gebaizau |
| 3rd singular | *gibidi | *gebai | *gebadau | *gebadai | *gebaidau |
| 1st dual | *gebōz | *gebaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gebadiz | *gebaidiz | *gebadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gebamaz | *gebaim | — | *gebandai | *gebaindau |
| 2nd plural | *gibid | *gebaid | *gibid | *gebandai | *gebaindau |
| 3rd plural | *gebandi | *gebain | *gebandau | *gebandai | *gebaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gab | *gēbį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gaft | *gēbīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gab | *gēbī | |||
| 1st dual | *gēbū | *gēbīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gēbudiz | *gēbīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gēbum | *gēbīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gēbud | *gēbīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gēbun | *gēbīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gebandz | *gebanaz | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *geban
- Proto-Norse: ᚷᛁᛒᚢ (gibu, 1sg.pres.ind.), ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf, 1/3sg.past.ind.)
- Old Norse: gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf); ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu)
- Gothic: 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒeƀanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 130
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 193
- Kortlandt, Frederik (1992) “The Germanic fifth class of strong verbs”, in North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE), volume 19, number 1, page 104-5 of 101–107
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*geban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172–173
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