Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galgô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰalgʰ-, *ǵʰalg- (“long switch, rod, shaft, pole, perch”). Cognate with Old Armenian ձաղկ (jałk).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣal.ɣɔːː/

Noun

*galgô m

a gallows, gibbet
Synonyms: *galgatrewą, *wargatrewą
a rod, pole, stake
Synonyms: *rōdō, *skaftaz, *spaluz, *stakô, *stauraz, *tainaz
a beam, cross-beam, rafter
Synonyms: *bagmaz, *balkô

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *galgô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*galgô	*galganiz
vocative	*galgô	*galganiz
accusative	*galganų	*galganunz
genitive	*galginiz	*galganǫ̂
dative	*galgini	*galgammaz
instrumental	*galginē	*galgammiz

Derived terms

*galgatrewą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *galgō
- Old English: ġealga, galga
  - Middle English: galwes, galwe, galowe, galewes
    - Scots: galow, gallo, gallows
    - English: gallow, gallows
- Old Frisian: galga
  - North Frisian: gulig
  - Saterland Frisian: Galge
  - West Frisian: galge
- Old Saxon: galgo
  - Middle Low German: galge
    - German Low German: Galge, Galg
    - Low German: Galgen
    - Plautdietsch: Gaulj
- Old Dutch: *galga
  - Middle Dutch: galge
    - Dutch: galg
- Old High German: galgo, galga
  - Middle High German: galge
    - Alemannic German: Galge
    - German: Galgen
      - → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: галге
        Latin script: galge
    - Luxembourgish: Gaalgen
- → Old French: jauge, gauge
  - Middle French: jauge
    - French: jauge
  - → Galician: galgar
  - → Middle English: gauge, gage
    - Scots: gauge
    - English: gauge
Old Norse: galgi
- Icelandic: gálgi
- Faroese: gálgi
- Norwegian: galge
- Old Swedish: galghe, ᚵᛆᛚᚵᚼᚽ
  - Swedish: galge
- Danish: galge
- Gutnish: galge
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌰 (galga)

References

Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒalʒōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 124

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