< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fijāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *ph₁ih₁yé-, from an original stative *ph₁yéh₁-, to a ye-present formation from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). Cognate with Sanskrit पीयति (pī́yati, “to blame”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɸi.jɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*fijāną[1][2]

  1. to hate
    Antonym: *frijōną
  2. to dislike

Inflection
Conjugation of *fijāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fijō ?— ? ?
2nd singular *fijaisi ?*fijai*fijāsai ?
3rd singular *fijaiþi ?*fijāþau*fijāþai ?
1st dual *fijōs ?———
2nd dual *fijāþiz ?*fijāþiz——
1st plural *fijāmaz ?—*fijānþai ?
2nd plural *fijaiþ ?*fijaiþ*fijānþai ?
3rd plural *fijānþi ?*fijānþau*fijānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *fijadǭ*fijadēdį̄
2nd singular *fijadēz*fijadēdīz
3rd singular *fijadē*fijadēdī
1st dual *fijadēdū*fijadēdīw
2nd dual *fijadēdudiz*fijadēdīdiz
1st plural *fijadēdum*fijadēdīm
2nd plural *fijadēdud*fijadēdīd
3rd plural *fijadēdun*fijadēdīn
present past
participles *fijāndz*fijadaz

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *fijēn
    • Old English: fēoġan
    • Old High German: fīēn
  • Proto-Norse:
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fijan)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*fijēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 103
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