< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bulô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Earlier paradigm *bulô ~ *bullaz with consonant gradation, from a Proto-Indo-European n-stem such as *bʰl̥-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós (compare *uhsô for the formation), from the root *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”). The original meaning may have been “testicle”, similar to Germanic cognates meaning “ball; testicle”; compare Latin follis (“bag, sack; ball; testicle”), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”) and Old Irish ball (“body part, member, penis”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbu.lɔːː/

Noun

*bulô m[2][1]

  1. bull

Inflection
masculine an-stemDeclension of *bulô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *bulô *bulaniz
vocative *bulô *bulaniz
accusative *bulanų *bulanunz
genitive *buliniz *bulanǫ̂
dative *bulini *bulammaz
instrumental *bulinē *bulammiz

Synonyms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *bulō
    • Old English: bula
    • Old Frisian: *bula
    • Old Saxon: *bulo, *bullo
      • Middle Low German: bulle
        • Low German: Bull
        • German Low German: Bull
        • → German: Bulle
        • → Polabian: bålă
    • Old Dutch: *bulo, *bullo
  • Old Norse: boli
    • Icelandic: boli
    • Faroese: boli
    • Swedish: bulla (< Middle Low German ?)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bul(l)an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 83–84
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ƀulōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 62
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