< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative reconstructions
- *bikwijaną[1]
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to smash, break”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbik.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *bikjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bikjō | *bikjaų | — | *bikjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *bikisi | *bikjais | *biki | *bikjasai | *bikjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *bikiþi | *bikjai | *bikjaþau | *bikjaþai | *bikjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *bikjōs | *bikjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bikjaþiz | *bikjaiþiz | *bikjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bikjamaz | *bikjaim | — | *bikjanþai | *bikjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *bikiþ | *bikjaiþ | *bikiþ | *bikjanþai | *bikjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *bikjanþi | *bikjain | *bikjanþau | *bikjanþai | *bikjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *bikidǭ | *bikidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *bikidēz | *bikidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *bikidē | *bikidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *bikidēdū | *bikidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *bikidēdudiz | *bikidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *bikidēdum | *bikidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *bikidēdud | *bikidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *bikidēdun | *bikidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bikjandz | *bikidaz | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bikkjan
- Old Frisian: *bitsia, *bikja, *bikka
- ⇒ Saterland Frisian: Bikker
- West Frisian: bikje, bikke
- Old Saxon: *bikkian (suggested by derivative bikkil)
- Middle Low German: bicken
- German Low German: bickern (frequentative)
- Middle Low German: bicken
- Old Dutch: *bikken
- Old High German: bikken, bicken; anabikken
- Middle High German: bicken, becken
- German: bicken
- Middle High German: bicken, becken
- Old Frisian: *bitsia, *bikja, *bikka
- Old Norse: bikkja
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bekwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41
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