Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/andi

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, locative of *h₂ent- (“front, forehead”). West Germanic continues an enclitic variant. The forms in *u- may continue the zero grade (genitive singular *h₂n̥tés), but this is uncertain given the enclitic nature of the word and the virtually unlimited variety of attested vowels.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑn.di/

Conjunction

*andi

in addition, furthermore, and

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *andi, *and
- Old English: and, ond, end; ᚪᚾᛞ (and), ᛖᚾᛞ (end)
  - Middle English: and, annd, ant, an, en; ⁊, &
    - English: and
    - Scots: an
    - Yola: an, an', and
- Old Frisian: and, ande, ende
  - North Frisian: en
  - Saterland Frisian: un
  - West Frisian: en, in
- Old Saxon: endi
  - Middle Low German: ende, end, en; unde, und, un; (western also) inde, ind, in; (early) ande
    - Dutch Low Saxon: en, in
    - German Low German: un, on
    - Plautdietsch: un, en
    - → Latvian: un
- Old Dutch: ande, enda, in, indi, unde
  - Middle Dutch: ende, en, end, enn, enne; (early) inde; (very rare) unde, ande
    - Dutch: en
      - Afrikaans: en
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: an
      - Jersey Dutch: en
      - Negerhollands: en, an
      - Petjo: en
      - Sranan Tongo: èn
    - Limburgish: ènde, ènd, èn, è
- Old High German: unti, unta, unte, unda, undi, unde, un; anti, and; enti, endi, end; inti, indi, int, in
  - Middle High German: unde, unt, und, unn; onde, ont; (Central Franconian) inde
    - Bavarian: und
      - Cimbrian: un
      - Mòcheno: ont
    - Central Franconian: en, an (< inde), on, un (< unde, now predominant, originally south-eastern)
      - Hunsrik: un
      - Luxembourgish: an
    - German: und
    - Rhine Franconian: un, on
      - Pennsylvania German: un
    - Yiddish: און (un)
- Proto-Norse: (from *anþi)
  - Old Norse: en
    - Icelandic: en
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: enn, en
    - Norwegian Bokmål: enn
    - Old Swedish: æn
      - Swedish: än
    - Danish: end
  - Old Norse: enn
    - Icelandic: enn
    - Faroese: enn
    - Norwegian: enn
    - Old Swedish: æn
      - Swedish: än
    - Danish: end
- → Proto-Finnic:
  - Estonian: ent
  - Finnish: entä
  - Ingrian: entä

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.