< Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan

Reconstruction:Proto-Georgian-Zan/qe-

This Proto-Georgian-Zan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Georgian-Zan

Alternative reconstructions

Reconstruction

Klimov, and then Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe, considered Svan ჴა̈ლ (qäl, “the length of two outstretched arms”) to have been derived from this root, thus reconstructing Proto-Kartvelian *qe(l)-.[1][2][3] Unbeknown to them Čuxua would later find a cognate for Svan in Laz ხოლი (xoli, “length of body from shoulder to elbow”), thus deriving both from Proto-Kartvelian *qal-.[4] Laz ხოლი (xoli) is incompatible with *qe(l)- in terms of vocalism, which means that both Laz and Svan didn't derive from it, meaning that *qe(l)- is only reconstructible for Proto-Georgian-Zan rather than Proto-Kartvelian.

Assuming umlaut in Georgian it would be possible to derive all of the terms from Proto-Kartvelian *qal- instead. For the rare cases of umlaut in Georgian, compare:

  1. მწყერი (mc̣q̇eri, “quail”) ← *c̣₁qar-
  2. მტრედი (mṭredi, “pigeon”) ← *ṭrad-
  3. ლეღვი (leɣvi, “fig”) ← *laɣw-
  4. ხერხი (xerxi, “saw (tool)”) ← *xarx-
  5. ღერღედი (ɣerɣedi, “goose”) ← *ɣarɣad-
  6. კეფა (ḳepa, “occiput”) ← *ḳop-
  7. გვერდი (gverdi, “side”) ~ გვარდი (gvardi) ← *gward-
  8. მკერდი (mḳerdi, “heart”) ← *ḳward-

For more on umlaut in Georgian, see Sarǯvelaʒe:1985.[5]

Noun

*qe- (Klimov)[3]

  1. (anatomy) hand, arm

Descendants
  • Old Georgian: ჴელი (qeli), ხელი (xeli)
    • Georgian: ხელი (xeli)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: ხე (xe)
    • Mingrelian: ხე (xe, “hand”), ხუ (xu, “fist”)

References
  1. Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 712–713
  2. Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 702
  3. Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 334–335
  4. Čuxua, Merab (2009) “Damaṭebiti masalebi saertokartveluri puʒe-enis leksiḳuri pondisatvis [The Additional Materials for the Commonkartvelian Proto-language Lexical Fund]”, in Kartvelur enata sṭrukṭuris saḳitxebi (in Georgian), number 10, Tbilisi: Universali, page 233–234 of 227–250
  5. Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (1985) “Umlauṭis ḳvali kartulši [Traces of umlaut in Georgian]”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), volume 120, number 1, Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 197―200

Further reading
  • Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, pages 74–75
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