< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sakna

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Cognate with Proto-Samic *suovńē (“pit in the ground”); the original meaning may have been "pit", given that early saunas were dug pits into the ground and a pile of heated rocks (*kiukasa). Possibly a borrowing from early Proto-Germanic *stakna- (later *stakkaz, compare e.g. English stack). LÄGLOS however disputes this.[1]

Noun

*sakna

  1. sauna

Inflection
Inflection of *sakna
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *sakna *saknat
accusative *saknan *saknat
genitive *saknan *saknadën
*saknoidën
partitive *saknada *saknoida
inessive *saknassa
*saknahna		 *saknoissa
*saknoihna
elative *saknasta *saknoista
illative *saknahën *saknoihën
adessive *saknalla *saknoilla
ablative *saknalta *saknoilta
allative *saknalën
*saknalëk		 *saknoilën
*saknoilëk
essive *saknana *saknoina
translative *saknaksi *saknoiksi
instructive *saknan *saknoin
comitative *saknanëk *saknoinëk
abessive *saknatta *saknoitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: saun
  • Finnish: sauna (see there for further descendants)
  • Ingrian: sauna
  • Karelian: soakna
  • Livonian: sōna
  • Votic: saunõ
  • Võro: sann

References
  1. Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • “saun”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  • Kallio, Petri. 2008. "The Etymology of Finnish sauna". In Kees Dekker, Alasdair MacDonald & Hermann Niebaum (eds.), Northern Voices: Essays on Old Germanic and Related Topics Offered to Professor Tette Hofstra, pp. 313–319.
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