Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kiukasa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Univerbation of *kivi (“stone”) +‎ *kasa (“pile”), with the first part being shortened. Most descendants shorten the second part as well, turning the word into an *-as-stem (either with or without consonant gradation of *-k-), in eastern varieties further generalized into an unalternating aa-stem.

Many sources assert instead *kota as the original second element, but Ylikoski (2016) argues that this does not match almost any of the descendants, and shows that no detailed argument for this reconstruction has ever been given. Pahomov (2017) on the contrary insists that some eastern Finnic words, such as Veps küudug and Ludian kiudug, do descend from this via regular metathesis, through the development *kiukuδa > *kivikota.

Noun

*kiukasa

stove in a sauna

Descendants

As if from *kiuk'as:

Finnish: (Southern Ostrobothnia) kiukas
Votic: (Mati) tšiukaz

As if from *kiugas:

(standard) Finnish: kiuas
- → Northern Sami: givgás, givggis
- → Inari Sami: kivkkâhâš
Votic:
- Kukkuzi: kiugas

As if from *kiukaha:

Finnish: (Eastern) kiukua (“kiukuva”)
- → Karelian: (Northern) kiukua, (Southern) kiugua
Ingrian: kiukaa

References

Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Ylikoski, Jussi. 2016. "Suomen kiuas, karjalan kiukua ja havaintoja etymologian tutkimusperinteestä". — Sananjalka 58: 7–23.
Pahomov, Miikul. 2017. Lyydiläiskysymys: Kansa vai heimo, kieli vai murre? - Helsingin yliopisto & Lyydiläinen Seura. pp. 185