< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/līwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, from *(s)leh₃y- +‎ *-wós.

Noun

*līwos m[1][2][3]

  1. colour
Declension
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *līwos *līwou *līwoi
vocative *līwe *līwou *līwūs
accusative *līwom *līwou *līwoms
genitive *līwī *līwous *līwom
dative *līwūi *līwobom *līwobos
locative *līwei *? *?
instrumental *līwū *līwobim *līwūis
Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *lliw
    • Old Breton: liu, liou
    • Old Cornish: liu
      • Middle Cornish: lyw
    • Old Welsh: liu
  • Old Irish: lí, líi
  • Gaulish: *lios[4]

See also
Colors in Proto-Celtic · *līwoi (layout · text)
     *bānos, *loukos, *windos      *ɸlētos      *dubus
             *roudos; *dergos              *dusnos              *blāwos, *melinos
                          *glastos             
                                       *gurmos
                                      

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, from *leh₁- (“stone”).[5] Cognate with Albanian lerë (“boulder”), Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”) and possibly Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”).

Noun

*līwos m

  1. stone
Declension
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *līwos *līwou *līwoi
vocative *līwe *līwou *līwūs
accusative *līwom *līwou *līwoms
genitive *līwī *līwous *līwom
dative *līwūi *līwobom *līwobos
locative *līwei *? *?
instrumental *līwū *līwobim *līwūis
  • *lausā (< *l̥h₁w-éh₂)
    • Gaulish: *lausā[6]
      • → Vulgar Latin: *lausa (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *lausankā
      • Gaulish: *lausankā[7]
        • → Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants)
Derived terms
  • *līwankas[5]
    • Old Irish: líac
      • → Breton: liac'h[5]
Descendants

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*liwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 242
  2. Falileyev, Alexander (2000) “liu”, in Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; 18), Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 105
  3. Koch, John (2004) “*līwo(s)-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, pages 68-69
  4. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “liuo- > lio-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 205
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *līwank-–242
  6. Greimas, A.J. (1969) “lose”, in Dictionnaire de l'ancien francais jusq'uau milieu du XIVe siècle (in French), Paris: Larousse, page 374a
  7. Alibert, Louis (1965) “lausange”, in Dictionnaire occitan - français : d'après les parlers languedociens (in French), Toulouse: Institut d' Etudes occitanes, →ISBN
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