-եալ

Old Armenian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-isālo-, composed of the aorist suffix *-is-ā- and the suffix *-lós. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic -лъ (-lŭ), used in the formation of the periphrastic Slavic perfect, e.g. неслъ (neslŭ), билъ (bilŭ, “beaten”).

Suffix

-եալ • (-eal)

  1. Attached to the aorist stem of the verb to form its participle.
    մնալ ― mnal ― to remain
    մնաց- ― mnacʻ- ― [the aorist stem]
    մնացեալ ― mnacʻeal ― left, remaining
  2. Forming adjectives.

Usage notes

Old Armenian had one true participle, the “past” one. See the notes at -ող (-oł).

Declension
o-type
singular plural
nominative -եալ (-eal) -եալք (-ealkʻ)
genitive -ելոյ (-eloy) -ելոց (-elocʻ)
dative -ելոյ (-eloy) -ելոց (-elocʻ)
accusative -եալ (-eal) -եալս (-eals)
ablative -ելոյ (-eloy) -ելոց (-elocʻ)
instrumental -ելով (-elov) -ելովք (-elovkʻ)
locative -եալ (-eal) -եալս (-eals)

Derived terms
Old Armenian terms suffixed with -եալ

Descendants
  • Armenian: -յալ (-yal)

References
  • Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 392
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1998) “-եալ”, in Hin hayereni verǰacancʻneri cagumə [The Origin of Old Armenian Suffixes] (Hayocʻ lezvi hamematakan kʻerakanutʻyan harcʻer; 2) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Anania Širakacʻi, pages 5–48
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