๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ
Prakrit
| [a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f], [g], [h] โ 3 | ๐ช 4 |
5 โ |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: ๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ๐ญ๐ (cattฤro), ๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ธ๐ญ๐บ (cattฤri), ๐๐๐ญ๐ (caรผro) Ordinal: ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha), ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (cลttha), ๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผแนญแนญha), ๐ข๐ผ๐ญ๐บ๐ (turia), ๐๐ค๐ผ๐ข๐๐ฃ (caduttha) | ||
Alternative forms
- ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (cลttha), ๐๐ค๐ผ๐ข๐๐ฃ (caduttha), ๐๐๐๐๐ (caรผแนญแนญha), ๐๐ค๐ผ๐๐๐ (caduแนญแนญha)
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit ๐๐ข๐ผ๐ญ๐๐ฃ (caturthรก). Cognate with Pali catuttha.
Adjective
๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha) (Devanagari เคเคเคคเฅเคฅ, Kannada เฒเฒเฒคเณเฒฅ) (Maharastri, Jain Maharastri, Ardhamagadhi) (ordinal number)
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผttho) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthe) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก (caรผttheแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐ (caรผttheแนaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthehi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (caรผtthehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthฤhi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (caรผtthฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (caรผtthassa) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก (caรผtthฤแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก๐ (caรผtthฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (caรผtthammi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (caรผtthesu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (caรผtthesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐บ๐ (caรผtthiแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthฤซhi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ณ๐บ๐ (caรผtthฤซhiแน) |
| Dative | โ | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (caรผtthฤซhiแนto) |
| Genitive | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ก (caรผtthฤซแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ก๐ (caรผtthฤซแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ฒ๐ผ (caรผtthฤซsu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (caรผtthฤซsuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐บ (caรผtthi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป๐ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป (caรผtthฤซ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐๐ (caรผtthฤiแน) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤi) |
| Accusative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐๐ (caรผtthฤiแน) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤi) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก (caรผttheแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐ (caรผttheแนaแน) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthehi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (caรผtthehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤo) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (caรผtthฤhi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (caรผtthฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (caรผtthassa) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก (caรผtthฤแนa) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ก๐ (caรผtthฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (caรผtthammi) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ (caรผtthe) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (caรผtthesu) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (caรผtthesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ (caรผttha) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ (caรผtthฤ) | ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐๐ (caรผtthฤiแน) or ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ธ๐ (caรผtthฤi) |
Derived terms
- Assamese: เฆเงเฆฅเฆพ (southa)
- *๐๐๐ข๐๐ฃ-๐
(*caรผttha-a)
- Konkani: เคเคตเคฅเฅเค (cavthแบฝ)
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: เคเคเคฅ (caรผtha), เคเฅเคคเฅเคฐ (cautra), เคเฅเคฅ (cautha)
- Modi script: ๐๐๐ (cautha), ๐๐ผ๐๐ฟ๐จ (cautra), ๐๐ผ๐ (cautha)
- Marathi: เคเฅเคฅเฅ (cauthe)
Further reading
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) โเคเคโ, in เคชเคพเคเค -เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [Pฤia-Sadda-Mahaแนแนavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 323.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 177.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โcaturthรกโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249
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