𐱁

Derived from Sogdian 𐼙 (š, “shin”) ultimately from Classical Syriac ܫ (“shin”).

𐱁 (š)

1. A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ʃ/.

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ş¹”, in The Origin of Turkic Runic Alphabet, London, pages 70 and 75
• Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 27

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹĺ- (“to walk, to trot”). Cognate with Chuvash ишме (išme), Turkish eşmek, Yakut ис (is).

𐱁 (eš-)

1. (intransitive) to trot, amble
   • 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 2:

     𐰀𐰞𐰀:𐱃𐰞𐰍:𐰖𐰆𐰞:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃:𐰢𐰤:𐰖𐰺𐰣:𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰀:𐰾𐰇𐰼:𐰢𐰤

     āla:atlïɣ:yol:teŋri:men:yarïn:kéče:ešür:men

     I am the road god with a dappled horse. (Early) in the morning and (late) in the evening I amble along.

• 𐰿𐰥 (ešin-, “to mount”)

• Tekin, Talât (1993) “(ä)ş-”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 54
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “eş-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 255
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ẹĺ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄ĺ (friend, companion, mate). Cognate with Turkish eş (spouse, match), Tuvan эш (eş, “friend”).

𐱁 (éš)

1. friend, comrade
   • 8th–10th century CE, Begre (e-11), B5:

     𐰦𐰞𐰍:𐰑𐰽𐰢:𐰀:𐰦𐰽𐰃𐰔𐰑:𐰀:𐰓𐰏𐰇:𐱁𐰢:𐰀:𐰑𐰺𐰞𐰑𐰢:𐰀

     antlïɣ:adašïm:a:antsïzïm:a:edgü:éšim:a:adrïldïm:a

     O my sworn and unsworn comrades, o my good companion! I departed!

• Tekin, Talât (1968) “esi”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 331
• Károly, László, Rentzsch, Julian, editors (2017), A Database of Turkic Runiform Insciptions‎, Uppsala: Department of Linguistics and Philology
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “é:ş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 253
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “eş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ẹ̄ĺ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill