πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπƒ

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *deuzΔ….

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈdiuΜ―s/

Noun

πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπƒ β€’ (dius) n

  1. wild animal, beast
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 1.13:[1]
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 π…πŒ°πƒ 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌴 π†πŒΉπŒ³π…π‰π‚ π„πŒΉπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πƒ π†π‚πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πƒ π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌ πƒπŒ°π„πŒ°πŒ½πŒΉπŒ½, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 π…πŒ°πƒ 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰𐌼, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒΉπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ±πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰.
      jah was in ΓΎizai auΓΎidai dagΔ“ fidwōr tiguns fraisans fram satanin, jah was miΓΎ diuzam, jah aggileis andbahtidΔ“dun imma.
      And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 15.32:[2]
      𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰(𐌼) 𐌳𐌿 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰𐌼 π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ· 𐌹𐌽 πŒ°πŒΉπ†πŒ°πŒΉπƒπ‰πŒ½, πˆπ‰ πŒΌπŒΉπƒ πŒ±π‰π„π‰ 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌽𐌹 πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³? πŒΌπŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒ²πŒΊπŒ°πŒΌ, πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ΄ 𐌳𐌿 πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ…πŒΉπŒ»π„πŒ°πŒΌ.
      jabai bi manna(m) du diuzam waih in aifaisōn, ƕō mis bōtō jabai dauΓΎans ni urreisand? matjam jah drigkam, untΔ“ du maurgina gaswiltam.
      If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; for to morrow we die. (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates Koine Greek θηρίον (thΔ“rΓ­on), but seems to only be used when describing actual animals in a neutral sense. In an instance where human beings are described pejoratively as "beasts", the word πŒΏπŒ½πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°π‚πŒΉ (unbiari) is used.

The phrase 𐌳𐌿 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰𐌼 π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ· (du diuzam waih) translates ἐθηριομάχησα (ethΔ“riomΓ‘khΔ“sa, β€œI fought with wild beasts”).

Reconstruction notes

Only the dative plural is attested, which is not enough to determine whether this word is an a-stem or an an-stem, or whether it is masculine or neuter. Streitberg, though, reconstructs a neuter a-stem.

Declension

No singular forms are attested, but they probably existed. See also the reconstruction notes.

Neuter a-stem
Singular Plural
Nominative πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπƒ
dius		 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰
diuza
Vocative πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπƒ
dius		 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰
diuza
Accusative πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπƒ
dius		 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰
diuza
Genitive πŒ³πŒΉπŒΏπŒΆπŒΉπƒ
diuzis		 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌴
diuzΔ“
Dative 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰
diuza		 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌢𐌰𐌼
diuzam

Hyponyms

See also

References
  1. Mark chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  2. Corinthians I chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 26
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