πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (hnaiwjan).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈhnɛːwjan/

Verb

πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gahnaiwjan) (perfective)

  1. to lower, abase, humiliate

For quotations using this term, see Citations:πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½.

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gahnaiwjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°
gahnaiwja		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwida		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gahnaiweis		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“s		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gahnaiwjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiweiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwida		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gahnaiwjōs		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gahnaiwidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gahnaiwjats		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gahnaiwjam		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gahnaiwidΔ“dum		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiweiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gahnaiwidΔ“duΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gahnaiwjand		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gahnaiwidΔ“dun		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gahnaiwjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjau		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwidΔ“djau		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gahnaiwjais		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“deis		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gahnaiwjai		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gahnaiwidΔ“di		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gahnaiwjaiwa		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gahnaiwidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gahnaiwjaits		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gahnaiwidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gahnaiwjaima		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gahnaiwidΔ“deima		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiwjaiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiwidΔ“deiΓΎ		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gahnaiwjaina		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gahnaiwidΔ“deina		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉ
gahnaiwei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gahnaiwjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gahnaiweiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gahnaiwjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gahnaiwjands		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gahnaiwiΓΎs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 59
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