즐겁다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 즐〮겁다〮 (Yale: cúlkèptá).

Probably from an older root 즑— (culk-, “happy”) and suffix —ㅸ— (-W-, adjectival suffix).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɯɭɡʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [즐겁따]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?jeulgeopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?jeulgeobda
McCune–Reischauer?chŭlgŏpta
Yale Romanization?cul.kepta

Adjective

즐겁다 • (jeulgeopda) (irregular, infinitive 즐거워, sequential 즐거우니)

  1. to be pleasant, to be enjoyable

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 즐겁다 (jeulgeopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 즐겁다
jeulgeopda		 즐거워
jeulgeowo		 즐거워요
jeulgeowoyo		 즐겁습니다
jeulgeopseumnida
Past 즐거웠다
jeulgeowotda		 즐거웠어
jeulgeowosseo		 즐거웠어요
jeulgeowosseoyo		 즐거웠습니다
jeulgeowotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 즐거우냐
jeulgeounya		 즐거워
jeulgeowo		 즐거워요
jeulgeowoyo		 즐겁습니까
jeulgeopseumnikka
Past 즐거웠냐
jeulgeowonnya		 즐거웠어
jeulgeowosseo		 즐거웠어요
jeulgeowosseoyo		 즐거웠습니까
jeulgeowotseumnikka
Assertive 즐겁겠다
jeulgeopgetda		즐겁겠어
jeulgeopgesseo		즐겁겠어요
jeulgeopgesseoyo		즐겁겠습니다
jeulgeopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 즐거워
jeulgeowo		즐거워서
jeulgeowoseo		즐거우니
jeulgeouni		즐거우니까
jeulgeounikka
Contrast 즐겁지만
jeulgeopjiman		즐거운데
jeulgeounde		즐겁더니
jeulgeopdeoni
Conjunction 즐겁고
jeulgeopgo
Condition 즐거우면
jeulgeoumyeon		즐거워야
jeulgeowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 즐거움
jeulgeoum		즐겁기
jeulgeopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 즐거웠음
jeulgeowosseum		즐거웠기
jeulgeowotgi
Determiners Present 즐거운
jeulgeoun
Future 즐거울
jeulgeoul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 즐거우시다
jeulgeousida		 즐거우셔
jeulgeousyeo		 즐거우세요, 즐거우셔요
jeulgeouseyo, jeulgeousyeoyo		 즐거우십니다
jeulgeousimnida
Past 즐거우셨다
jeulgeousyeotda		 즐거우셨어
jeulgeousyeosseo		 즐거우셨어요
jeulgeousyeosseoyo		 즐거우셨습니다
jeulgeousyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 즐거우시냐
jeulgeousinya		 즐거우셔
jeulgeousyeo		 즐거우세요, 즐거우셔요
jeulgeouseyo, jeulgeousyeoyo		 즐거우십니까
jeulgeousimnikka
Past 즐거우셨냐
jeulgeousyeonnya		 즐거우셨어
jeulgeousyeosseo		 즐거우셨어요
jeulgeousyeosseoyo		 즐거우셨습니까
jeulgeousyeotseumnikka
Assertive 즐거우시겠다
jeulgeousigetda		즐거우시겠어
jeulgeousigesseo		즐거우시겠어요
jeulgeousigesseoyo		즐거우시겠습니다
jeulgeousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 즐거우셔
jeulgeousyeo		즐거우셔서
jeulgeousyeoseo		즐거우시니
jeulgeousini		즐거우시니까
jeulgeousinikka
Contrast 즐거우시지만
jeulgeousijiman		즐거우신데
jeulgeousinde		즐거우시더니
jeulgeousideoni
Conjunction 즐거우시고
jeulgeousigo
Condition 즐거우시면
jeulgeousimyeon		즐거우셔야
jeulgeousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 즐거우심
jeulgeousim		즐거우시기
jeulgeousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 즐거우셨음
jeulgeousyeosseum		즐거우셨기
jeulgeousyeotgi
Determiners Present 즐거우신
jeulgeousin
Future 즐거우실
jeulgeousil

Middle Korean

Alternative forms
  • 즐거ᇦ다 (Yale: culkeWta) (phonemic orthography)

Adjective

즐〮겁다〮 (cúlkèptá)

  1. to be pleasant, to be enjoyable
    • 1447, 釋譜詳節 / 석보상절 [Seokbo sangjeol]:
      이〮 사〯ᄅᆞ미〮 一(일)切(쳬) 즐〮거ᄫᅳᆫ〮 거스〮로〮 […]
      í sǎlòm-í IL.CHYEY cúlkèWún kès-úlwó
      The person [gives alms] to […] as something "wholly" pleasing

Conjugation
Accentual class HH lenited-consonant stem
DeclarativeConnectiveInfinitiveConditional
즐〮겁다〮 (cúlkèptá)  즐〮겁고〮 (cúlkèpkwó)  즐〮거ᄫᅥ〮 (cúlkèWé)  즐〮거〮ᄫᅳ면〮 (cúlkéWùmyén)  

Descendants
  • Korean: 즐겁다 (jeulgeopda)
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