잣다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean ᄌᆞᆺ다 (Yale: cos-ta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕa̠(ː)t̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [잗(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jatda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jasda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chatta |
| Yale Romanization? | cāsta |
- Homophone: 잦다 (jatda) (contemporary Seoul)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 잣다 (jatda): consonant-stem, ㅅ(s)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 잣는다 janneunda |
자아 jaa |
자아요 jaayo |
잣습니다 jatseumnida |
| Past | 자았다 jaatda |
자았어 jaasseo |
자았어요 jaasseoyo |
자았습니다 jaatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 잣느냐 janneunya |
자아 jaa |
자아요 jaayo |
잣습니까 jatseumnikka |
| Past | 자았느냐 jaanneunya |
자았어 jaasseo |
자았어요 jaasseoyo |
자았습니까 jaatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 잣자 jatja | 자아 jaa | 자아요 jaayo | 자으십시다 ja'eusipsida | |
| Imperative | 자아라 jaara | 자아 jaa | 자아요 jaayo | 자읍시오 ja'eupsio | |
| Assertive | 잣겠다 jatgetda | 잣겠어 jatgesseo | 잣겠어요 jatgesseoyo | 잣겠습니다 jatgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 자아 jaa | 자아서 jaaseo | 자으니 ja'euni | 자으니까 ja'eunikka | |
| Contrast | 잣지만 jatjiman | 잣는데 janneunde | 잣더니 jatdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 잣고 jatgo | ||||
| Condition | 자으면 ja'eumyeon | 자아야 jaaya | |||
| Motive | 자으려고 ja'euryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 자음 ja'eum | 잣기 jatgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 자았음 jaasseum | 자았기 jaatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 자은 ja'eun | |||
| Present | 잣는 janneun | ||||
| Future | 자을 ja'eul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 자으신다 ja'eusinda |
자으셔 ja'eusyeo |
자으세요, 자으셔요 ja'euseyo, ja'eusyeoyo |
자으십니다 ja'eusimnida |
| Past | 자으셨다 ja'eusyeotda |
자으셨어 ja'eusyeosseo |
자으셨어요 ja'eusyeosseoyo |
자으셨습니다 ja'eusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 자으시느냐 ja'eusineunya |
자으셔 ja'eusyeo |
자으세요, 자으셔요 ja'euseyo, ja'eusyeoyo |
자으십니까 ja'eusimnikka |
| Past | 자으셨느냐 ja'eusyeonneunya |
자으셨어 ja'eusyeosseo |
자으셨어요 ja'eusyeosseoyo |
자으셨습니까 ja'eusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 자으시라 ja'eusira | 자으셔 ja'eusyeo | 자으세요 ja'euseyo | 자으십시오 ja'eusipsio | |
| Assertive | 자으시겠다 ja'eusigetda | 자으시겠어 ja'eusigesseo | 자으시겠어요 ja'eusigesseoyo | 자으시겠습니다 ja'eusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 자으셔 ja'eusyeo | 자으셔서 ja'eusyeoseo | 자으시니 ja'eusini | 자으시니까 ja'eusinikka | |
| Contrast | 자으시지만 ja'eusijiman | 자으시는데 ja'eusineunde | 자으시더니 ja'eusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 자으시고 ja'eusigo | ||||
| Condition | 자으시면 ja'eusimyeon | 자으셔야 ja'eusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 자으시려고 ja'eusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 자으심 ja'eusim | 자으시기 ja'eusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 자으셨음 ja'eusyeosseum | 자으셨기 ja'eusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 자으신 ja'eusin | |||
| Present | 자으시는 ja'eusineun | ||||
| Future | 자으실 ja'eusil | ||||
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