영리하다
Korean
Etymology 1
영리(怜悧) (yeongni) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈjɘ(ː)ŋniɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [영(ː)니하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | yeongnihada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yeonglihada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | yŏngnihada |
| Yale Romanization? | yēnglihata |
Adjective
| South Korean Standard Language |
영리하다 (yeongnihada) |
|---|---|
| North Korean Standard Language |
령리하다 (ryeongnihada) |
영리하다 • (yeongnihada) (infinitive 영리해 or 영리하여, sequential 영리하니)
- (to be) smart, clever, intelligent
- Synonym: 똑똑하다 (ttokttokhada)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 영리하다 (yeongnihada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 영리하다 yeongnihada |
영리해 yeongnihae |
영리해요 yeongnihaeyo |
영리합니다 yeongnihamnida |
| Past | 영리했다 yeongnihaetda |
영리했어 yeongnihaesseo |
영리했어요 yeongnihaesseoyo |
영리했습니다 yeongnihaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 영리하냐 yeongnihanya |
영리해 yeongnihae |
영리해요 yeongnihaeyo |
영리합니까 yeongnihamnikka |
| Past | 영리했냐 yeongnihaennya |
영리했어 yeongnihaesseo |
영리했어요 yeongnihaesseoyo |
영리했습니까 yeongnihaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 영리하겠다 yeongnihagetda | 영리하겠어 yeongnihagesseo | 영리하겠어요 yeongnihagesseoyo | 영리하겠습니다 yeongnihagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 영리해 yeongnihae | 영리해서, 영리하여서 yeongnihaeseo, yeongnihayeoseo | 영리하니 yeongnihani | 영리하니까 yeongnihanikka | |
| Contrast | 영리하지만 yeongnihajiman | 영리한데 yeongnihande | 영리하더니 yeongnihadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 영리하고 yeongnihago | ||||
| Condition | 영리하면 yeongnihamyeon | 영리해야, 영리하여야 yeongnihaeya, yeongnihayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 영리함 yeongniham | 영리하기 yeongnihagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 영리했음, 영리하였음 yeongnihaesseum, yeongnihayeosseum | 영리했기, 영리하였기 yeongnihaetgi, yeongnihayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 영리한 yeongnihan | |||
| Future | 영리할 yeongnihal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 영리하시다 yeongnihasida |
영리하셔 yeongnihasyeo |
영리하세요, 영리하셔요 yeongnihaseyo, yeongnihasyeoyo |
영리하십니다 yeongnihasimnida |
| Past | 영리하셨다 yeongnihasyeotda |
영리하셨어 yeongnihasyeosseo |
영리하셨어요 yeongnihasyeosseoyo |
영리하셨습니다 yeongnihasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 영리하시냐 yeongnihasinya |
영리하셔 yeongnihasyeo |
영리하세요, 영리하셔요 yeongnihaseyo, yeongnihasyeoyo |
영리하십니까 yeongnihasimnikka |
| Past | 영리하셨냐 yeongnihasyeonnya |
영리하셨어 yeongnihasyeosseo |
영리하셨어요 yeongnihasyeosseoyo |
영리하셨습니까 yeongnihasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 영리하시겠다 yeongnihasigetda | 영리하시겠어 yeongnihasigesseo | 영리하시겠어요 yeongnihasigesseoyo | 영리하시겠습니다 yeongnihasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 영리하셔 yeongnihasyeo | 영리하셔서 yeongnihasyeoseo | 영리하시니 yeongnihasini | 영리하시니까 yeongnihasinikka | |
| Contrast | 영리하시지만 yeongnihasijiman | 영리하신데 yeongnihasinde | 영리하시더니 yeongnihasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 영리하시고 yeongnihasigo | ||||
| Condition | 영리하시면 yeongnihasimyeon | 영리하셔야 yeongnihasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 영리하심 yeongnihasim | 영리하시기 yeongnihasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 영리하셨음 yeongnihasyeosseum | 영리하셨기 yeongnihasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 영리하신 yeongnihasin | |||
| Future | 영리하실 yeongnihasil | ||||
Etymology 2
영리(營利) (yeongni) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹ŋniɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [영니하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | yeongnihada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | yeonglihada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | yŏngnihada |
| Yale Romanization? | yenglihata |
Verb
영리하다 • (yeongnihada) (infinitive 영리해 or 영리하여, sequential 영리하니)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 영리하다 (yeongnihada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 영리한다 yeongnihanda |
영리해 yeongnihae |
영리해요 yeongnihaeyo |
영리합니다 yeongnihamnida |
| Past | 영리했다 yeongnihaetda |
영리했어 yeongnihaesseo |
영리했어요 yeongnihaesseoyo |
영리했습니다 yeongnihaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 영리하느냐 yeongnihaneunya |
영리해 yeongnihae |
영리해요 yeongnihaeyo |
영리합니까 yeongnihamnikka |
| Past | 영리했느냐 yeongnihaenneunya |
영리했어 yeongnihaesseo |
영리했어요 yeongnihaesseoyo |
영리했습니까 yeongnihaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 영리하자 yeongnihaja | 영리해 yeongnihae | 영리해요 yeongnihaeyo | 영리하십시다 yeongnihasipsida | |
| Imperative | 영리해라, 영리하여라 yeongnihaera, yeongnihayeora | 영리해 yeongnihae | 영리해요 yeongnihaeyo | 영리합시오 yeongnihapsio | |
| Assertive | 영리하겠다 yeongnihagetda | 영리하겠어 yeongnihagesseo | 영리하겠어요 yeongnihagesseoyo | 영리하겠습니다 yeongnihagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 영리해 yeongnihae | 영리해서, 영리하여서 yeongnihaeseo, yeongnihayeoseo | 영리하니 yeongnihani | 영리하니까 yeongnihanikka | |
| Contrast | 영리하지만 yeongnihajiman | 영리하는데 yeongnihaneunde | 영리하더니 yeongnihadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 영리하고 yeongnihago | ||||
| Condition | 영리하면 yeongnihamyeon | 영리해야, 영리하여야 yeongnihaeya, yeongnihayeoya | |||
| Motive | 영리하려고 yeongniharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 영리함 yeongniham | 영리하기 yeongnihagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 영리했음, 영리하였음 yeongnihaesseum, yeongnihayeosseum | 영리했기, 영리하였기 yeongnihaetgi, yeongnihayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 영리한 yeongnihan | |||
| Present | 영리하는 yeongnihaneun | ||||
| Future | 영리할 yeongnihal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 영리하신다 yeongnihasinda |
영리하셔 yeongnihasyeo |
영리하세요, 영리하셔요 yeongnihaseyo, yeongnihasyeoyo |
영리하십니다 yeongnihasimnida |
| Past | 영리하셨다 yeongnihasyeotda |
영리하셨어 yeongnihasyeosseo |
영리하셨어요 yeongnihasyeosseoyo |
영리하셨습니다 yeongnihasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 영리하시느냐 yeongnihasineunya |
영리하셔 yeongnihasyeo |
영리하세요, 영리하셔요 yeongnihaseyo, yeongnihasyeoyo |
영리하십니까 yeongnihasimnikka |
| Past | 영리하셨느냐 yeongnihasyeonneunya |
영리하셨어 yeongnihasyeosseo |
영리하셨어요 yeongnihasyeosseoyo |
영리하셨습니까 yeongnihasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 영리하시라 yeongnihasira | 영리하셔 yeongnihasyeo | 영리하세요 yeongnihaseyo | 영리하십시오 yeongnihasipsio | |
| Assertive | 영리하시겠다 yeongnihasigetda | 영리하시겠어 yeongnihasigesseo | 영리하시겠어요 yeongnihasigesseoyo | 영리하시겠습니다 yeongnihasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 영리하셔 yeongnihasyeo | 영리하셔서 yeongnihasyeoseo | 영리하시니 yeongnihasini | 영리하시니까 yeongnihasinikka | |
| Contrast | 영리하시지만 yeongnihasijiman | 영리하시는데 yeongnihasineunde | 영리하시더니 yeongnihasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 영리하시고 yeongnihasigo | ||||
| Condition | 영리하시면 yeongnihasimyeon | 영리하셔야 yeongnihasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 영리하시려고 yeongnihasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 영리하심 yeongnihasim | 영리하시기 yeongnihasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 영리하셨음 yeongnihasyeosseum | 영리하셨기 yeongnihasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 영리하신 yeongnihasin | |||
| Present | 영리하시는 yeongnihasineun | ||||
| Future | 영리하실 yeongnihasil | ||||
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