어떻다

Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

Contraction of 어떠하다 (eotteohada).

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 엇〯더〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: ěsté-hòtá), from Middle Korean 엇〯더〮 (Yale: ěsté, “how, in what state”) + ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hòtá, “to do”, light verb). Compare Jeju 어떵ᄒᆞ다 (eotteonghawda).

Beyond Koreanic, possibly connected to Proto-Japonic *e-ka (“how”) (whence Japanese 如何 (ika, “how”)) (Vovin 2020, 302).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹t͈ʌ̹tʰa̠]
    • (file)
  • Phonetic hangul: [어떠타]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?eotteota
Revised Romanization (translit.)?eo'tteohda
McCune–Reischauer?ŏttŏt'a
Yale Romanization?e.ttehta

Adjective

어떻다 • (eotteota) (irregular, infinitive 어때, sequential 어떠니)

  1. (to be) in what state; (to be) how
    어떻습니까?
    eotteoseumnikka?
    How is that?
    내일 저녁은 어때요? / 좋아요. 몇 시예요?
    naeil jeonyeog-eun eottaeyo? / joayo. myeot siyeyo?
    How about tomorrow night? / Ok. What time?
    새 아파트는 어때? — 새 아파트는 훌륭해.
    sae apateu-neun eottae? - sae apateu-neun hullyunghae.
    How's the new apartment? — The new apartment is great!
    Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 어떻다 (eotteota): consonant-stem, ㅎ(h)-determiner-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 어떻다
eotteota		 어때
eottae		 어때요
eottaeyo		 어떻습니다
eotteoseumnida
Past 어땠다
eottaetda		 어땠어
eottaesseo		 어땠어요
eottaesseoyo		 어땠습니다
eottaetseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 어떠냐
eotteonya		 어때
eottae		 어때요
eottaeyo		 어떻습니까
eotteoseumnikka
Past 어땠냐
eottaennya		 어땠어
eottaesseo		 어땠어요
eottaesseoyo		 어땠습니까
eottaetseumnikka
Assertive 어떻겠다
eotteoketda		어떻겠어
eotteokesseo		어떻겠어요
eotteokesseoyo		어떻겠습니다
eotteoketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 어때
eottae		어때서
eottaeseo		어떠니
eotteoni		어떠니까
eotteonikka
Contrast 어떻지만
eotteochiman		어떤데
eotteonde		어떻더니
eotteoteoni
Conjunction 어떻고
eotteoko
Condition 어떠면
eotteomyeon		어때야
eottaeya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 어떰
eotteom		어떻기
eotteoki
Past-tense verbal nouns 어땠음
eottaesseum		어땠기
eottaetgi
Determiners Present 어떤
eotteon
Future 어떨
eotteol


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 어떠시다
eotteosida		 어떠셔
eotteosyeo		 어떠세요, 어떠셔요
eotteoseyo, eotteosyeoyo		 어떠십니다
eotteosimnida
Past 어떠셨다
eotteosyeotda		 어떠셨어
eotteosyeosseo		 어떠셨어요
eotteosyeosseoyo		 어떠셨습니다
eotteosyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 어떠시냐
eotteosinya		 어떠셔
eotteosyeo		 어떠세요, 어떠셔요
eotteoseyo, eotteosyeoyo		 어떠십니까
eotteosimnikka
Past 어떠셨냐
eotteosyeonnya		 어떠셨어
eotteosyeosseo		 어떠셨어요
eotteosyeosseoyo		 어떠셨습니까
eotteosyeotseumnikka
Assertive 어떠시겠다
eotteosigetda		어떠시겠어
eotteosigesseo		어떠시겠어요
eotteosigesseoyo		어떠시겠습니다
eotteosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 어떠셔
eotteosyeo		어떠셔서
eotteosyeoseo		어떠시니
eotteosini		어떠시니까
eotteosinikka
Contrast 어떠시지만
eotteosijiman		어떠신데
eotteosinde		어떠시더니
eotteosideoni
Conjunction 어떠시고
eotteosigo
Condition 어떠시면
eotteosimyeon		어떠셔야
eotteosyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 어떠심
eotteosim		어떠시기
eotteosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 어떠셨음
eotteosyeosseum		어떠셨기
eotteosyeotgi
Determiners Present 어떠신
eotteosin
Future 어떠실
eotteosil

Derived terms
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