비다
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Korean 뷔〯다〮 (Yale: pwǔy-tá), 븨〯다〮 (Yale: pǔy-tá).
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 뷔〯다〮 (Yale: pwǔy-tá).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈpi(ː)da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [비(ː)다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | bida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | bida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | pida |
| Yale Romanization? | pīta |
Verb
| Base | 비다 (bida) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 비우다 (biuda) |
비다 • (bida) (infinitive 벼 or 비어, sequential 비니) (intransitive)
- to be empty (in general)
- Antonym: 차다 (chada)
- to be vacant, to be unoccupied
- Antonym: 차다 (chada)
- 빈 방 있어요?
- Bin bang isseoyo?
- Do you have an vacant room?
- to be empty-handed
- to be free, to be available
- to be lacking, to be insufficient
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 비다 (bida): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 빈다 binda |
벼 byeo |
벼요, 비어요 byeoyo, bieoyo |
빕니다 bimnida |
| Past | 볐다 byeotda |
볐어 byeosseo |
볐어요 byeosseoyo |
볐습니다 byeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 비느냐 bineunya |
벼 byeo |
벼요, 비어요 byeoyo, bieoyo |
빕니까 bimnikka |
| Past | 볐느냐 byeonneunya |
볐어 byeosseo |
볐어요 byeosseoyo |
볐습니까 byeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 비자 bija | 벼 byeo | 벼요, 비어요 byeoyo, bieoyo | 비십시다 bisipsida | |
| Imperative | 벼라, 비어라 byeora, bieora | 벼 byeo | 벼요, 비어요 byeoyo, bieoyo | 빕시오 bipsio | |
| Assertive | 비겠다 bigetda | 비겠어 bigesseo | 비겠어요 bigesseoyo | 비겠습니다 bigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 벼 byeo | 벼서, 비어서 byeoseo, bieoseo | 비니 bini | 비니까 binikka | |
| Contrast | 비지만 bijiman | 비는데 bineunde | 비더니 bideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 비고 bigo | ||||
| Condition | 비면 bimyeon | 벼야, 비어야 byeoya, bieoya | |||
| Motive | 비려고 biryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 빔 bim | 비기 bigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 볐음, 비었음 byeosseum, bieosseum | 볐기, 비었기 byeotgi, bieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 빈 bin | |||
| Present | 비는 bineun | ||||
| Future | 빌 bil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 비신다 bisinda |
비셔 bisyeo |
비세요, 비셔요 biseyo, bisyeoyo |
비십니다 bisimnida |
| Past | 비셨다 bisyeotda |
비셨어 bisyeosseo |
비셨어요 bisyeosseoyo |
비셨습니다 bisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 비시느냐 bisineunya |
비셔 bisyeo |
비세요, 비셔요 biseyo, bisyeoyo |
비십니까 bisimnikka |
| Past | 비셨느냐 bisyeonneunya |
비셨어 bisyeosseo |
비셨어요 bisyeosseoyo |
비셨습니까 bisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 비시라 bisira | 비셔 bisyeo | 비세요 biseyo | 비십시오 bisipsio | |
| Assertive | 비시겠다 bisigetda | 비시겠어 bisigesseo | 비시겠어요 bisigesseoyo | 비시겠습니다 bisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 비셔 bisyeo | 비셔서 bisyeoseo | 비시니 bisini | 비시니까 bisinikka | |
| Contrast | 비시지만 bisijiman | 비시는데 bisineunde | 비시더니 bisideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 비시고 bisigo | ||||
| Condition | 비시면 bisimyeon | 비셔야 bisyeoya | |||
| Motive | 비시려고 bisiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 비심 bisim | 비시기 bisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 비셨음 bisyeosseum | 비셨기 bisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 비신 bisin | |||
| Present | 비시는 bisineun | ||||
| Future | 비실 bisil | ||||
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