뮈다
Middle Korean
Etymology
From earlier *mwùCí-. While the lost consonant cannot be ascertained, the tonal pattern surfaces in conjugated forms, where for instance *Cí- can merge with 어〮 (-é, “infinitive suffix”) to yield 여〮 (yé), resulting in the alternate infinitive form 무여〮 (mwùyé) in contrast to the regular 뮈〯여〮 (mwǔyyé).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mujta/
Verb
뮈〯다〮 (mwǔytá) (infinitive 무여〮, sequential 뮈〯니〮)
- (intransitive) to move, to shake
- 1447, “Stanza 2”, in 龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가 [Yongbi eocheonga]:
- 불휘〮 기픈〮 남ᄀᆞᆫ〮 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ매〮 아니〮 뮐〯 ᄊᆡ〯 곶 됴〯코〮 여름〮 하〮ᄂᆞ니〮
- pwùlhwúy kìphún nàmk-ón pòlòm-áy àní mwǔyls-sǒ-y kwòc tyǒkwó yèlúm hánòní
- For the tree with deep roots does not shake in the wind, its flowers are good and its fruits are many
- 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], page 23:102:
- ᄯᅡ〮히〮 믈〮 우희〮 잇고〮 므〮리〮 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ매〮 잇고〮 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ미〮 虛空애〮 잇ᄂᆞ니〮 空 中에〮 큰〮 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ미〮 니러〮 큰〮 므〮리〮 뮈〯면〮 너비〮 地動ᄒᆞ며〮 […]
- stáh-í múl wùh-úy ìskwó múl-í pòlòm-áy ìskwó pòlòm-í HÈ.KHWÒNG-áy ìsnòní KHWÒNG.TYÙNG-éy khún pòlòm nìlé khún múl-í mwǔymyén nèpí TTÍ.TTWǑNG-hòmyé […]
- The earth is above the waters, and the waters are in the wind, and the wind is in the void, so when the great winds rise amid the void, and the great waters tremble, the earth widely shakes […]
Conjugation
Note: before non-minimal vowel-initial suffixes, the verbal stem can surface as either 무ㅣ (mwùy-) or as 뮈〯ㅣ (mwǔyy-). Hence the infinitive can be either 무여〮 (mwùyé) or 뮈〯여〮 (mwùyyé), with or without a geminate semivowel. It is the non-geminate forms that are given below. Invalid params in call to Template:okm-conj-short/R: 31=뮈〯아〮; 52=mwǔyzǒpkén; 32=mwǔyGá; 47=뮈〯ᅀᆞᆸ〯건; 48=mwǔyzǒpkèn; 51=뮈〯ᅀᆞᆸ〯건〮
| Selected conjugations of 뮈〯다〮 (mwǔytá), Accentual class R | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Note that the majority of the forms below are unattested for any one verb. Orthography and pitch accent assignment can vary between sources. | |||||
| Selected plain sentence-final forms | |||||
| Declarative | Interrogative | Modulated declarative | |||
| Polar question | Wh-word question | Second-person subject | |||
| Past | 뮈〯다〮 (mwǔytá) 뮈〯니라〮 (mwǔynìlá) | 뮌〯가〮 (mwǔynká) 뮈〯녀〮 (mwǔynyé) | 뮌〯고〮 (mwǔynkwó) 뮈〯뇨〮 (mwǔynyó) | 뮌〯다〮 (mwǔyntá) | 무유〮라〮 (mwùyúlá) |
| Present | 뮈〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (mwǔynòtá) 뮈〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (mwǔynónìlá) | 뮈〯ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (mwǔynònká) 뮈〯ᄂᆞ녀〮 (mwǔynònyé) | 뮈〯ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (mwǔynònkwó) 뮈〯ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (mwǔynònyó) | 뮈〯ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (mwǔynòntá) | 뮈〯노라〮 (mwǔynwòlá) |
| Conjectural | 뮈〯리라〮 (mwǔylìlá) | 뮈ᇙ〯가〮 (mwǔylqká) 뮈〯려〮 (mwǔylyé) | 뮈ᇙ〯고〮 (mwǔylqkwó) 뮈〯료〮 (mwǔylyó) | 뮈ᇙ〯다〮 (mwǔylqtá) | 무유〮리라〮 (mwùyúlìlá) |
| Retrospective/ imperfective |
뮈〯더라〮 (mwǔytèlá) 뮈〯더〮니라〮 (mwǔyténìlá) | 뮈〯던가〮 (mwǔytènká) 뮈〯더녀〮 (mwǔytènyé) | 뮈〯던고〮 (mwǔytènkwó) 뮈〯더뇨〮 (mwǔytènyó) | 뮈〯던다〮 (mwǔytèntá) | 뮈〯다라〮 (mwǔytàlá) |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
뮈〯라〮 (mwǔylá, order) 뮈〯오라〮 (mwǔyGwòlá, request) | 뮌〯뎌〮 (mwǔyntyé), 뮐〯쎠〮 (mwǔylssyé) 뮈〯도다〮 (mwǔytwòtá), 뮈〯돗다〮 (mwǔytwòstá) 무예〮라〮 (mwùyéylá) | ||||
| Selected highly deferential sentence-final forms | |||||
| Past | 뮈〯ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔyngìtá) 뮈〯니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔyníngìtá) | 뮈〯니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (mwǔyníngìská) | 뮈〯니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (mwǔyníngìskwó) | no separate forms | 무유〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwùyúngìtá) |
| Present | 뮈〯ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔynóngìtá) 뮈〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔynòníngìtá) | 뮈〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (mwǔynòníngìská) | 뮈〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (mwǔynòníngìskwó) | 뮈〯노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔynwóngìtá) | |
| Conjectural | 뮈〯리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔylíngìtá) | 뮈〯리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (mwǔylíngìská) | 뮈〯리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (mwǔylíngìskwó) | 무유〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwùyúlíngìtá) | |
| Promissive/Hortative | Imperative | Exclamatory/Emotive | |||
뮈〯쇼셔〮 (mwǔysyòsyé, order) | 뮈〯도다〮 (mwǔytwòtá), 뮈〯돗다〮 (mwǔytwòstá) 무예〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwùyéyngìtá) | ||||
| Selected honorific declarative forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | Retrospective/ imperfective | 거 (-ke-) form | |
| Plain subject-honoring | 뮈〯시다〮 (mwǔysìtá) 뮈〯시〮니라〮 (mwǔysínìlá) | 뮈〯시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (mwǔysínòtá) 뮈〯시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (mwǔysìnónìlá) | 뮈〯시〮리라〮 (mwǔysílìlá) | 뮈〯더〮시다〮 (mwǔytésìtá) 뮈〯더시〮니라〮 (mwǔytèsínìlá) | 뮈〯어〮시다〮 (mwǔyGésìtá) 뮈〯어시〮니라〮 (mwǔyGèsínìlá) |
| Deferential subject-honoring | 뮈〯시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔysíngìtá) 뮈〯시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔysìníngìtá) | 뮈〯시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔysìnóngìtá) 뮈〯시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔysínòníngìtá) | 뮈〯시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔysílíngìtá) | 뮈〯더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔytèsíngìtá) 뮈〯더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔytésìníngìtá) | 뮈〯어시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔyGèsíngìtá) 뮈〯어〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (mwǔyGésìníngìtá) |
| Selected connective forms | |||||
| Connective | Causative | Conditional/situating | Contrastive/concessive | Purposive/desiderative | Infinitive |
| Conjunctive/consecutive/infinitive ("and, next, then, with this, etc.") | |||||
| 뮈〯오〮 (mwǔyGwó) 뮈〯며〮 (mwǔymyé) 뮈〯다가〮 (mwǔytàká) | 뮈〯니〮 (mwǔyní) 뮈〯어ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (mwǔyGènól) 뮐〯ᄊᆡ〮 (mwǔylssóy, only in declarative sentences) 뮈〯완ᄃᆡ〮 (mwǔyGwàntóy, only in interrogative sentences) | 뮈〯면〮 (mwǔymyén) 뮈〯어든〮 (mwǔyGètún) 뮌〯대〮 (mwǔyntáy) 뮈〯언댄〮 (mwǔyGèntáyn) | 뮈〯나〮 (mwǔyná) 무유〮ᄃᆡ〮 (mwùyútóy) 뮌〯ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (mwǔyntól) 뮈〯언〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (mwǔyGénmàlón) | 무유〮려〮 (mwùyúlyé) 뮈〯오져〮 (mwǔyGwòcyé, desires one's own action) 뮈〯와뎌〮 (mwǔyGwàtyé, desires other's action) | 무여〮 (mwùyé) |
| Adnominal/gerundive forms | |||||
| Past | Present | Conjectural | |||
| Unmodulated non-honorific | 뮌〯 (mwǔyn) | 뮈〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (mwǔynón) | 뮈ᇙ〯 (mwǔylq) | ||
| Modulated non-honorific | 무윤〮 (mwùyún) | 뮈〯논〮 (mwǔynwón) | 무유ᇙ〮 (mwùyúlq) | ||
| Unmodulated subject-honoring | 뮈〯신〮 (mwǔysín) | 뮈〯시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (mwǔysìnón) | 뮈〯시ᇙ〮 (mwǔysílq) | ||
| Substantive forms | |||||
| Plain | Subject-honoring | ||||
무윰〮 (mwùyúm) | 뮈〯샴〮 (mwǔysyám) | ||||
Derived terms
- 뮈우〮다〮 (mwùyGwútá, “to move, to shake”, derived transitive causative)
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