| falcon; migratory bird | turtle-dove; Turtur orientalis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (鶻鳩) | 鶻 | 鳩 | |
| simp. (鹘鸠) | 鹘 | 鸠 | |
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 鶻 | 鶻 | 鶻 | 鳩 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (56) | 魂 (56) | 山 (76) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | II | III |
| Fanqie | 古忽切 | 戸骨切 | 戸八切 | 居求切 |
| Baxter | kwot | hwot | hweat | kjuw |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kuət̚/ | /ɦuət̚/ | /ɦˠuɛt̚/ | /kɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kuot̚/ | /ɦuot̚/ | /ɦʷᵚæt̚/ | /kiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ | /ɣuæt̚/ | /kiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kwət̚/ | /ɦwət̚/ | /ɦwəɨt̚/ | /kuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ | /ɣuɛt̚/ | /kiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ | /ɣwæt̚/ | /kĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kuət̚/ | /ɣuət̚/ | /ɣwat̚/ | /ki̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
gu | hú | huá | jiū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
gwat1 | wat6 | waat6 | gau1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 鳩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jiū |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k](r)u/ |
| English | (a kind of bird) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 鶻 | 鶻 | 鶻 | 鳩 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4319 | 4323 | 4330 | 6939 |
| Phonetic component |
骨 | 骨 | 骨 | 九 |
| Rime group |
物 | 物 | 物 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
滑 | 骨 | 搰 | 鳩 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡruːd/ | /*kuːd/ | /*ɡuːd/ | /*ku/ |