高天原

Chinese
Heaven; God; the sky above
 
former; original; primary
former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source
simp. and trad.
(高天原)		 高天 原

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高天原 (literally “Plain of High Heaven”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 高 天 原
Reading # 1/1 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 透 (6) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 豪 (89) 先 (85) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed
Division (等) I IV III
Fanqie 古勞切 他前切 愚袁切
Baxter kaw then ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑu/ /tʰen/ /ŋʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑu/ /tʰen/ /ŋʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑu/ /tʰɛn/ /ŋiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaw/ /tʰɛn/ /ŋuan/
Li
Rong		 /kɑu/ /tʰen/ /ŋiuɐn/
Wang
Li		 /kɑu/ /tʰien/ /ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑu/ /tʰien/ /ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gāo tiān yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gou1 tin1 jyun4

Proper noun

高天原

  1. (Japanese mythology, Shinto) Takamagahara

Japanese
Kanji in this term
高 天 原
たか
Grade: 2		 あま > ま
Grade: 1		 はら
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Compound of 高 (taka, “high”) +‎ 天の原 (ama no hara, “plains of heaven”), with the final -a of taka dropped due to haplology.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) たかまの​はら [tàkámá nóꜜ hàrà] (Nakadaka – [4])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠ka̠ma̠ no̞ ha̠ɾa̠]

Noun

高天原(たかまのはら) • (takama no hara) 

  1. the sky, heavens
  2. (Japanese mythology, Shinto) Takamagahara (the realm of the gods, as opposed to the realm of mortals and the realm of the dead)

Etymology 2

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 高 (taka, “high”) +‎ 天 (ama, “heaven”) +‎ が (ga, archaic attributive or possessive particle) +‎ 原 (hara, “plain”), with the final -a of taka dropped due haplology.

Because there is no additional kanji (such as 之 or 乃) attested in the compound to demonstrate a particle, both が (ga) and の (no) are interchangeable.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) たかまが​はら [tàkámá gáꜜ hàrà] (Nakadaka – [4])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠ka̠ma̠ ɡa̠ ha̠ɾa̠]

Noun

高天原(たかまがはら) • (takama ga hara) 

  1. Same as たかまのはら (takama no hara) above

See also

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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